MetaPhenotype: A Transferable Meta-Learning Model for Single-Cell Mass Spectrometry-Based Cell Phenotype Prediction Using Limited Number of Cells.

Single-cell mass spectrometry (SCMS) is an emerging tool for studying cell heterogeneity according to variation of molecular species in single cells. Although it has become increasingly common to employ machine learning models in SCMS data analysis, such as the classification of cell phenotypes, the existing machine learning models often suffer from low adaptability and transferability. In addition, SCMS studies of rare cells can be restricted by limited number of cell samples.

A plant-based oligomeric CD2v extracellular domain antigen exhibits equivalent immunogenicity to the live attenuated vaccine ASFV-G-∆I177L.

African swine fever (ASF), caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV), is a deadly, highly contagious disease in both domestic pigs and wild boar. With mortality up to 100%, the disease has been making a serious impact on the swine industry worldwide. Because no effective antiviral treatment has been observed, proactive prevention such as vaccination remains the key to controlling the outbreak.

Comparison of the Marginal and Internal Fit of Ceramic Laminate Veneers Fabricated with Four Different Computer-Aided Manufacturing Techniques.

Purpose: The improvement of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) has changed the methods of fabricating laminate veneers. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the marginal and internal fit of ceramic veneers manufactured with different CAD/CAM techniques. Materials and methods: A metal die was made by copying a prepared plastic maxillary central right incisor and scanned for designing a laminate veneer.

New -lignans from the leaves of guillaumin.

Phytochemical study of the leaves of Guillaumin resulted in the isolation of a new natural product egonol-3''-sulphate (), and two new derivatives egonol-3-methylD-galactopyranoside () and 7-methoxy-2-(3',4'-methylenedioxyphenyl)-benzofuran-5-carboxamide (). Their chemical structures were -elucidated by spectroscopic data. Compounds and significantly established a great role for the chemotaxonomic aspect.

Low-Molecular Weight Branched Polyethylenimine Reduces Cytokine Secretion from Human Immune System Monocytes Stimulated with Bacterial and Fungal PAMPs.

The innate immune system is an evolutionarily conserved pathogen recognition mechanism that serves as the first line of defense against tissue damage or pathogen invasion. Unlike the adaptive immunity that recruits T-cells and specific antibodies against antigens, innate immune cells express pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) that can detect various pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) released by invading pathogens. Microbial molecular patterns, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria, trigger signaling cascades in the host that result in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

H and C chemical shift-structure effects in anhydrous β-caffeine and four caffeine-diacid cocrystals probed by solid-state NMR experiments and DFT calculations.

By using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we refined the H atom positions in the structures of β-caffeine (C), α-oxalic acid (OA; (COOH)), α-(COOH)·2HO, β-malonic acid (MA), β-glutaric acid (GA), and I-maleic acid (ME), along with their corresponding cocrystals of 2 : 1 (2C-OA, 2C-MA) or 1 : 1 (C-GA, C-ME) stoichiometry. The corresponding C/H chemical shifts obtained by gauge including projector augmented wave (GIPAW) calculations agreed overall very well with results from magic-angle-spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy experiments. Chemical-shift/structure trends of the precursors and cocrystals were examined, where good linear correlations resulted for all COO sites against the H⋯O and/or H⋯N H-bond distance, whereas a general correlation was neither found for the aliphatic/caffeine-stemming H sites nor any C chemical shift against either the intermolecular hydrogen- or tetrel-bond distance, except for the OOH sites of the 2C-OA, 2C-MA, and C-GA cocrystals, which are involved in a strong COO⋯ bond with caffeine that is responsible for the main supramolecular stabilization of the cocrystal.

Neutralizing PAMPs that Trigger Cytokine Release from THP-1 Monocytes.

Innate immunity has considerable specificity and can discriminate between individual species of microbes. In this regard, pathogens are "seen" as dangerous to the host and elicit an inflammatory response capable of destroying the microbes. This immune discrimination is achieved by toll-like receptors on host cells recognizing pathogens, such as , and microbe-specific pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) molecules, such as lipoteichoic acid (LTA).

Targeting metastasis-initiating cancer stem cells in gastric cancer with leukaemia inhibitory factor.

Gastric cancer's (GC) bad prognosis is usually associated with metastatic spread. Invasive cancer stem cells (CSC) are considered to be the seed of GC metastasis and not all CSCs are able to initiate metastasis. Targeting these aggressive metastasis-initiating CSC (MIC) is thus vital.

Inhibition of proprotein convertases activity results in repressed stemness and invasiveness of cancer stem cells in gastric cancer.

Background: Gastric cancer (GC), the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, with most deaths caused by advanced and metastatic disease, has limited curative options. Here, we revealed the importance of proprotein convertases (PCs) in the malignant and metastatic potential of GC cells through the regulation of the YAP/TAZ/TEAD pathway and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer stem cells (CSC).

Methods: The general PCs inhibitor, decanoyl-RVKR-chloromethyl-ketone (CMK), was used to repress PCs activity in CSCs of various GC cell lines.

Lingual bracket transfer accuracy of double vacuum-formed indirect bonding tray using 3D-printed model: an in vivo study.

Introduction: This study aimed to assess the transfer accuracy of a digital indirect bonding method for lingual brackets using double vacuum-formed trays in vivo.

Methods: Twenty-five patients in need of lingual orthodontic treatment were consecutively recruited. Bracket placement was performed on ideal setups, followed by fabricating indirect bonding trays through vacuum-forming on 3-dimensional printed models.

Effects of RF Magnetron Sputtering Power on the Mechanical Behavior of Zr-Cu-Based Metallic Glass Thin Films.

Zirconium-based metallic glass films are promising materials for nanoelectronic and biomedical applications, but their mechanical behavior under different conditions is not well understood. This study investigates the effects of radio frequency (RF) power and test temperature on the nanostructure, morphology, and creep behavior of ZrCuAlNi metallic glass films prepared by RF magnetron sputtering. The films were characterized by X-ray diffraction and microscopy, and their mechanical properties were measured by a bulge test system.

Isolation of Spirosoma foliorum sp. nov. from the fallen leaf of Acer palmatum by a novel cultivation technique.

In the effort of isolating novel microbial species, the strain PL0132 was isolated from a fallen leaf under fresh water at a stream, which glided when grown on a tap water medium (without nutrients). The strain was determined to be Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, and rod-shaped, which grew optimally at 25 °C, pH 6-7, and the strain tolerates 1% (w/v) NaCl concentration. The complete genome of strain PL0132 comprises one contig with a sequencing depth of 76×, consisting of 8,853,064 base pairs and the genomic DNA G + C content was 46.

SocioPedia+: a visual analytics system for social knowledge graph-based event exploration.

In the recent era of information explosion, exploring event from social networks has recently been a crucial task for many applications. To derive valuable comprehensive and thorough insights on social events, visual analytics (VA) system have been broadly used as a promising solution. However, due to the enormous social data volume with highly diversity and complexity, the number of event exploration tasks which can be enabled in a conventional real-time visual analytics systems has been limited.

Quantifying Cell Heterogeneity and Subpopulations Using Single Cell Metabolomics.

Mass spectrometry (MS) has become an indispensable tool for metabolomics studies. However, due to the lack of applicable experimental platforms, suitable algorithm, software, and quantitative analyses of cell heterogeneity and subpopulations, investigating global metabolomics profiling at the single cell level remains challenging. We combined the Single-probe single cell MS (SCMS) experimental technique with a bioinformatics software package, SinCHet-MS (Single Cell Heterogeneity for Mass Spectrometry), to characterize changes of tumor heterogeneity, quantify cell subpopulations, and prioritize the metabolite biomarkers of each subpopulation.

Three marine species of the genus Fulvivirga, rich sources of carbohydrate-active enzymes degrading alginate, chitin, laminarin, starch, and xylan.

Bacteroidota is a group of marine polysaccharide degraders, which play a crucial role in the carbon cycle in the marine ecosystems. In this study, three novel gliding strains, designated as SS9-22, W9P-11, and SW1-E11, isolated from algae and decaying wood were proposed to represent three novel species of the genus Fulvivirga. We identified a large number of genes encoding for carbohydrate-active enzymes, which potentially participate in polysaccharide degradation, based on whole genome sequencing.

Chemical Profile and Biological Activities of Fungal Strains Isolated from Piper nigrum Roots: Experimental and Computational Approaches.

The current report describes the chemical investigation and biological activity of extracts produced by three fungal strains Fusarium oxysporum, Penicillium simplicissimum, and Fusarium proliferatum isolated from the roots of Piper nigrum L. growing in Vietnam. These fungi were namely determined by morphological and DNA analyses.

CD44v3 is a marker of invasive cancer stem cells driving metastasis in gastric carcinoma.

Background: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are at the origin of tumour initiation and progression in gastric adenocarcinoma (GC). However, markers of metastasis-initiating cells remain unidentified in GC. In this study, we characterized CD44 variants expressed in GC and evaluated the tumorigenic and metastatic properties of CD44v3+ cells and their clinical significance in GC patients.

Differential Cytotoxicity of Curcumin-Loaded Micelles on Human Tumor and Stromal Cells.

Although curcumin in the form of nanoparticles has been demonstrated as a potential anti-tumor compound, the impact of curcumin and nanocurcumin in vitro on normal cells and in vivo in animal models is largely unknown. This study evaluated the toxicity of curcumin-loaded micelles in vitro and in vivo on several tumor cell lines, primary stromal cells, and zebrafish embryos. Breast tumor cell line (MCF7) and stromal cells (human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells, human fibroblasts, and human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells) were used in this study.

sp. nov., a novel gut bacterium isolated from a Yellow Sea oyster.

A Gram-stain-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, facultative anaerobic motile bacterium, designated strain OG9-811, was isolated from the gut of an oyster collected in the Yellow Sea, Republic of Korea. The strain grew at 10-37 °C, pH 6.0-9.

Characterizing Interprofessional Collaboration and Referral to Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Programs.

Background: In 2017, the American College of Physicians (ACP) designated Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR), an eight-week group program, as first-line non-pharmacological treatment for chronic low back pain. However, interprofessional collaboration between mindfulness instructors and Primary Care Providers (PCP) remains largely unknown.

Objective: We developed a survey to assess communication between mindfulness instructors and PCPs, identify predictors of referral to MBSR, and determine areas where interventions could increase patient access to MBSR.

Facilitators and Barriers to Patient Attendance at a Free Health Center Produce Market.

Introduction: Patient participation in healthcare system‒sponsored efforts to address food insecurity varies widely. This mixed-methods study sought to understand the patient sociodemographic factors associated with and barriers and facilitators to the use of a monthly produce market held at Cambridge Health Alliance in partnership with The Greater Boston Food Bank.

Methods: Baseline surveys (N=715) were conducted from February 2019 to March 2020 before market attendance, followed by 1-year follow-up surveys (n=514) and qualitative interviews (n=45).

The immunogenicity of plant-based COE-GCN4pII protein in pigs against the highly virulent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strain from genotype 2.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a serious infectious causative agent in swine, especially in neonatal piglets. PEDV genotype 2 (G2) strains, particularly G2a, were the primary causes of porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) outbreaks in Vietnam. Here, we produced a plant-based CO-26K-equivalent epitope (COE) variant from a Vietnamese highly virulent PEDV strain belonging to genotype 2a (COE/G2a) and evaluated the protective efficacy of COE/G2a-GCN4pII protein (COE/G2a-pII) in piglets against the highly virulent PEDV G2a strain following passive immunity.