How to successfully resect 70 % of the liver in pigs to model an extended hepatectomy with an insufficient remnant or liver transplantation with a small-for-size graft.

An insufficient remnant in extended hepatectomy and small-for-size graft in liver transplantation are critical matters in the field of liver surgery, and reliable and reproducible animal models that can provide clinically relevant and reliable data are needed. We herein describe our detailed surgical procedures for performing 70 % hepatectomy in pigs, and discuss the critical anatomical features, key techniques and pitfalls based on our experience. The porcine liver is divided into four lobes.

The flow angle beneath the gastrojejunostomy predicts delayed gastric emptying in Roux-en-Y reconstruction after distal gastrectomy.

Background: Delayed gastric emptying without mechanical obstruction after Roux-en-Y reconstruction has been defined as Roux stasis syndrome. It occurs in 10-30% of patients after such reconstruction. So far, the cause of this stasis has not been completely identified.