High leafy and root vegetables and high rice dietary patterns were associated with primary and secondary bile acid levels in the feces.

Colorectal cancer has the second highest mortality among cancer sites worldwide, with increasing morbidity, high recurrence rates, and even poorer postoperative quality of life. Therefore, preventive strategies for colorectal cancer should be established. This study aimed to cross-sectionally explore dietary patterns affecting the intestinal metabolism of bile acids (BAs), a risk factor for colorectal cancer, in young Japanese women.

Defecation status, intestinal microbiota, and habitual diet are associated with the fecal bile acid composition: a cross-sectional study in community-dwelling young participants.

Purpose: Bile acid (BA) metabolism by intestinal bacteria is associated with the risk of gastrointestinal diseases; additionally, its control has become a modern strategy for treating metabolic diseases. This cross-sectional study investigated the influence of defecation status, intestinal microbiota, and habitual diet on fecal BA composition in 67 community-dwelling young participants.

Methods: Feces were collected for intestinal microbiota and BA analyses; data about defecation status and dietary habits were collected using the Bristol stool form scales and a brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire, respectively.

Associations between the number of antipsychotics prescribed and metabolic parameters in Japanese patients with schizophrenia.

Aim: There is little evidence on the effects of antipsychotic polypharmacy on metabolic parameters in patients with schizophrenia. Thus, this cross-sectional study explored the associations between the number of antipsychotics prescribed and metabolic parameters in Japanese patients with schizophrenia.

Methods: We obtained metabolic parameter data from 19,675 patients with schizophrenia.

Predictive Utility of Body Mass Index for Metabolic Syndrome Among Patients with Schizophrenia in Japan.

Background: Reliable and easy screening for metabolic syndrome (MetS) is important for patients with schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to assess the predictive utility of body mass index (BMI) for MetS among patients with schizophrenia in Japan.

Methods: In total, 8468 patients (4705 males, 3763 females) with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV), or the International Classification of Diseases, tenth revision (ICD-10), were assessed for MetS using the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III-A).

Lower Prolactin Levels in Patients Treated With Aripiprazole Regardless of Antipsychotic Monopharmacy or Polypharmacy.

Background: Hyperprolactinemia is a troublesome adverse effect of antipsychotics. Aripiprazole (ARP), which is one of second-generation antipsychotics, has been reported to lower serum prolactin (PRL) levels. However, few studies have compared the effect of ARP on plasma PRL levels between monopharmacy and polypharmacy with antipsychotics.

High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and antipsychotic medication in overweight inpatients with schizophrenia: post-hoc analysis of a Japanese nationwide survey.

Background: Patients with schizophrenia have an increased prevalence of metabolic disturbances compared with the general population. However, the mechanisms underlying the metabolic side effects of antipsychotics are unknown. The aim of the present study was to compare the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol in Japanese schizophrenia patients medicated with olanzapine, risperidone, or aripiprazole monotherapy.

Effects of nutritional education on weight change and metabolic abnormalities among patients with schizophrenia in Japan: A randomized controlled trial.

Objective: Patients with schizophrenia have a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) than the general population. Minimizing weight gain and metabolic abnormalities in a population with an already high prevalence of obesity is of clinical and social importance. This randomized controlled trial investigated the effect of monthly nutritional education on weight change and metabolic abnormalities among patients with schizophrenia in Japan.

High Prevalence of Obesity, Hypertension, Hyperlipidemia, and Diabetes Mellitus in Japanese Outpatients with Schizophrenia: A Nationwide Survey.

Background: Patients with schizophrenia have significantly shorter life expectancy than the general population, and a problem they commonly face is an unhealthy lifestyle, which can lead to obesity and metabolic syndrome. There is a very clear need to determine the prevalence of obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus which are components of metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia, but there has been a paucity of large-scale studies examining this situation in Japan. The aim of our study was to address this need.

Attitudes toward metabolic adverse events among patients with schizophrenia in Japan.

Background: Metabolic syndrome is a growing concern among patients with schizophrenia because metabolic abnormalities are widely regarded as a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and premature death. The current study assessed attitudes toward metabolic adverse events among patients with schizophrenia.

Methods: A brief questionnaire was constructed to investigate patient recognition of the following broad areas: dietary habits, lifestyle, self-monitoring, knowledge, and medical practice.

Difference in prevalence of metabolic syndrome between Japanese outpatients and inpatients with schizophrenia: A nationwide survey.

Patients with schizophrenia have a higher risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). MetS prevalence varies with ethnicity. Although environmental factors, such as lack of physical activity and unbalanced diet, can lead to MetS, these may differ between outpatients and inpatients with schizophrenia.

High prevalence of underweight and undernutrition in Japanese inpatients with schizophrenia: a nationwide survey.

Objectives: To clarify the prevalence of underweight and overweight/obesity, and laboratory data for nutritional status in Japanese outpatients and inpatients with schizophrenia.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: A questionnaire conducted in inpatient and outpatient facilities in Japan.

[Survey of obesity and underweight among inpatients with schizophrenia in psychiatric hospitals throughout Japan].

Aim: Many studies have reported a high prevalence of obesity in patients with schizophrenia compared to the general population. However, no nationwide survey of schizophrenic inpatients has been conducted in Japan. The aims of this study were to conduct a large-scale survey of BMI among hospitalized patients with schizophrenia in Japan, identify the prevalence of obesity and underweight, and examine its associated factors.

Body mass index of inpatients with schizophrenia in Japan.

Objective: Many studies reported that obesity rate in the Western countries is higher in schizophrenia patients than in general population. In this study, we surveyed nationwide Body Mass Index (BMI) status of hospitalized Japanese schizophrenia patients.

Methods: Subjects included 15,171 patients (7,897 men and 7,274 women) hospitalized for schizophrenia, who were sampled from all 47 administrative divisions in Japan.