The soybean Rxp gene, encoding a bHLH transcription factor and an ACT-like domain, has an rxp allele producing a truncated protein that confers resistance to pustule-causing Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines. In soybean, bacterial pustules caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSince the discovery of penicillin, a vast array of microbial antibiotics has been identified and applied in the medical field. Globally, the search for drug candidates microbial screening is ongoing. Traditional screening methods, however, are time-consuming and require labor-intensive sample processing, significantly reducing throughput.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlant root-associated environments such as the rhizosphere, rhizoplane, and endosphere, are notably different from non-root-associated soil environments. However, the microbial dynamics in these spatially divided compartments remain unexplored. In this study, we propose a combinational analysis of single-cell genomics with 16S rRNA gene sequencing.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSoybean ( (L.) Merrill) isoflavones are among the most important secondary metabolites, with functional benefits for human health. Soybeans accumulate three aglycone forms of isoflavones: genistein, daidzein, and glycitein.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSoybean oil is the second most produced edible vegetable oil and is used for many edible and industrial materials. Unfortunately, it has the disadvantage of 'reversion flavor' under photooxidative conditions, which produces an off-odor and decreases the quality of edible oil. Reversion flavor and off-odor are caused by minor fatty acids in the triacylglycerol of soybean oil known as furan fatty acids, which produce 3-methyl-2,4-nonanedione (3-MND) upon photooxidation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGenome sequencing is important for discovering critical genes in crops and improving crop breeding efficiency. Generally, fresh, young leaves are used for DNA extraction from plants. However, seeds, the storage form, are more efficient because they do not require cultivation and can be ground at room temperature.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNovel mutant alleles related to isoflavone content are useful for breeding programs to improve the disease resistance and nutritional content of soybean. However, identification of mutant alleles from high-density mutant libraries is expensive and time-consuming because soybean has a large, complicated genome. Here, we identified the gene responsible for increased genistein-to-daidzein ratio in seed of the mutant line F333ES017D9.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA frame shift invoked by a single-base deletion in the gene encoding a cytochrome P450 hydroxylase, CYP81E22, causes the loss of bentazon detoxification function in soybean. Bentazon is an effective herbicide in soybean cultivation applied at post-emergence stages for control of several broadleaf weeds. However, some soybean cultivars are highly sensitive to bentazon and are killed upon application.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIsoflavones in soybean seeds are responsible for plant-microbe interactions and defend against pathogens, and are also beneficial to human health. We used two biparental populations and mini core collection of soybean germplasm to identify and validate QTLs underlying the content of isoflavone components. We identified a major QTL, , which regulates the content of malonylglycitin, on chromosome Gm11, in populations bred from parents with high, low, and null glycitein contents.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSoybean isoflavones are functionally important secondary metabolites that are mainly accumulated in seeds. Their biosynthetic processes are regulated coordinately at the transcriptional level; however, screening systems for key transcription factors (TFs) are limited. Here we developed a combination screening system comprising a simple agroinfiltration assay and a robust hairy root transformation assay.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThough crossing wild relatives to modern cultivars is a usual means to introduce alleles of stress tolerance, an alternative is domesticating wild species that are already tolerant to various kinds of stresses. As a test case, we chose Kuntze, which has fast growth, short vegetative stage, and broad resistance to pests and diseases. We developed an ethyl methanesulfonate-mutagenized population and obtained three mutants with reduced seed dormancy and one with reduced pod shattering.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Intermediate Filaments (IFs) are major constituents of the cytoskeletal systems in animal cells.
Objective: To gain insights into the structure-function relationship of invertebrate cytoplasmic IF proteins, we characterized an IF protein from the platyhelminth, Dugesia japonica, termed Dif-1.
Methods: cDNA cloning, in situ hybridization, immunohistochemical analysis, and IF assembly experiments in vitro using recombinant Dif-1, were performed for protein characterization.
Eukaryotic positive-strand RNA viruses replicate their genomes in membranous compartments formed in a host cell, which sequesters the dsRNA replication intermediate from antiviral immune surveillance. Here, we find that soybean has developed a way to overcome this sequestration. We report the positional cloning of the broad-spectrum soybean mosaic virus resistance gene Rsv4, which encodes an RNase H family protein with dsRNA-degrading activity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFood contamination by cadmium (Cd) is a serious threat to human health. Thus, it is imperative to prevent Cd accumulation in staple crops like soybean. The development of low Cd accumulating cultivars is an effective solution.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTriterpenes (C30) constitute one of the diverse class of natural products with potential applications in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Soyasaponins are oleanane-type triterpenoids widespread among legumes and particularly abundant in soybean seeds. They have associated with various pharmacological implications and undesirable taste properties of soybean-based food products.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDNA markers are useful for identifying genes and developing new genetic materials for breeding and genetic research. High-resolution melting (HRM) analysis can detect a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in two polymerase chain reaction (PCR) fragments as a melting temperature (Tm) difference without additional experimental steps, such as gel electrophoresis. To design a method for developing reliable HRM markers that discriminate between homozygous alleles containing SNPs, we tested new evaluation indexes related to the thermodynamics of double-stranded DNA to find one that maximizes the difference in Tm values between PCR fragments.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTriterpenoid saponins are specialized metabolites, which are abundant in soybean seeds. They have a wide variety of effects on human health and physiology. The composition of sugar chain attached to the aglycone moiety of saponins can be controlled by genetic loci, such as Sg-1, 3, and 4.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImprovement of resistance against rice bacterial blight (BB) disease is an important breeding strategy in breeding programs across the world, especially in Africa and southern Asia where BB is more prevalent. This report describes a high-resolution map and characterization of at locus, a rice BB resistance gene in XM14, a mutant line originating from IR24. The candidate gene region was narrowed down from 582 kb, which had been obtained in our previous study, to 57 kb.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn higher plants, multiple copies of the cysteine synthase gene are present for cysteine biosynthesis. Some of these genes also have the potential to produce various kinds of β-substitute alanine. In the present study, we cloned a 1275-bp cDNA for cytosolic O-acetylserine(thiol)lyase (cysteine synthase) (Cy-OASTL) from Leucaena leucocephala.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSoyasaponins are specialized metabolites present in soybean seeds that affect the taste and quality of soy-based foods. The composition of the sugar chains attached to the aglycone moiety of soyasaponins is regulated by genetic loci such as sg-1, sg-3 and sg-4. Here, we report the cloning and characterization of the Sg-3 gene, which is responsible for conjugating the terminal (third) glucose (Glc) at the C-3 sugar chain of soyasaponins.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn the cysteine and mimosine biosynthesis process, O-acetyl-L-serine (OAS) is the common substrate. In the presence of O-acetylserine (thiol) lyase (OASTL, cysteine synthase) the reaction of OAS with sulfide produces cysteine, while with 3-hydroxy-4-pyridone (3H4P) produces mimosine. The enzyme OASTL can either catalyze Cys synthesis or both Cys and mimosine.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMost soybean cultivars possess broad leaflets; however, a recessive allele on the locus is known to cause the alteration of broad to narrow leaflets. The recessive allele has also been considered to increase the number of seeds per pod (NSP) and has the potential to improve yield. Recently, (), a gene controlling , has been shown to complement leaf shape and silique length in mutants.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAppl Environ Microbiol
December 2017
The effect of chromosomal aneuploidy on the brewing characteristics of brewery yeasts has not been studied. Here we report that chromosomal aneuploidy in sake brewery yeast () leads to the development of favorable brewing characteristics. We found that pyruvate-underproducing sake yeast, which produces less off-flavor diacetyl, is aneuploid and trisomic for chromosomes XI and XIV.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSoybean () has a paleopolyploid genome, and many re-sequencing experiments to characterize soybean genotypes have been conducted using next-generation sequencing platforms. The accumulation of information about single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) throughout the soybean genome has accelerated identification of genomic regions related to agronomically important traits through association studies. However, although many efficient mapping techniques that use next-generation sequencing are available, the number of practical approaches to identify genes/loci is still limited.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRadish ( L. var. ), a widely cultivated root vegetable crop, possesses a large sink organ (the root), implying that photosynthetic activity in radish can be enhanced by altering both the source and sink capacity of the plant.
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