Using an empirical binomial hierarchical Bayesian model as an alternative to analyzing data from multisite studies.

This article explores the statistical methodologies used in demonstration and effectiveness studies when the treatments are applied across multiple settings. The importance of evaluating and how to evaluate these types of studies are discussed. As an alternative to standard methodology, the authors of this article offer an empirical binomial hierarchical Bayesian model as a way to effectively evaluate multisite studies.

Sexual risk behaviors for HIV/AIDS in Chuuk State, Micronesia: the case for HIV prevention in vulnerable remote populations.

Background: After the first two cases of locally-acquired HIV infection were recognized in Chuuk State, Federated States of Micronesia (FSM), a public health response was initiated. The purpose of the response was to assess the need for HIV education and prevention services, to develop recommendations for controlling further spread of HIV in Chuuk, and to initiate some of the prevention measures.

Methodology/principal Findings: A public health team conducted a survey and rapid HIV testing among a sample of residents on the outer islands in Chuuk.

Using formative evaluation to improve a smoking cessation intervention for pregnant women.

Triangulation analysis was used to assess qualitative data collected to examine smoking cessation materials and methods prior to a large randomized clinical trial with pregnant smokers. The patient education program's components were tested with 265 patients receiving Medicaid-insured care in 9 public clinics. The formative evaluation process conducted during this pilot study of the Smoking Cessation and Reduction in Pregnancy Trial included assessment of A Pregnant Woman's Guide to Stop Smoking (Windsor et al.

Measurements for active cigarette smoke exposure in prevalence and cessation studies: why simply asking pregnant women isn't enough.

Tobacco smoke exposure during and after pregnancy may cause maternal, fetal, and infant morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this review is to (a). describe existing methods of measuring active tobacco exposure among pregnant women and (b).