Soft Tissue Ewing Sarcoma Cell Drug Resistance Revisited: A Systems Biology Approach.

Ewing sarcoma is a rare type of cancer that develops in the bones and soft tissues. Drug therapy represents an extensively used modality for the treatment of sarcomas. However, cancer cells tend to develop resistance to antineoplastic agents, thereby posing a major barrier in treatment effectiveness.

Short-term toxicity studies of thallium (I) sulfate administered in drinking water to Sprague Dawley rats and B6C3F1/N mice.

Thallium is a heavy metal that is known to induce a broad spectrum of adverse health effects in humans including alopecia, neurotoxicity, and mortality following high dose acute poisoning events. Widespread human exposure to thallium may occur via consumption of contaminated drinking water; limited toxicity data are available to evaluate the corresponding public health risk. To address this data gap, the Division of Translational Toxicology conducted short-term toxicity studies of a monovalent thallium salt, thallium (I) sulfate.

An approach to the identification of diagnostic and prognostic markers in low-grade gliomas.

Low-grade gliomas (LGG) are central nervous system Grade I tumors, and as they progress they are becoming one of the deadliest brain tumors. There is still great need for timely and accurate diagnosis and prognosis of LGG. Herein, we aimed to identify diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers associated with LGG, by employing diverse computational approaches.

A Counterintuitive Neutrophil-Mediated Pattern in COVID-19 Patients Revealed through Transcriptomics Analysis.

The COVID-19 pandemic has persisted for almost three years. However, the mechanisms linked to the SARS-CoV-2 effect on tissues and disease severity have not been fully elucidated. Since the onset of the pandemic, a plethora of high-throughput data related to the host transcriptional response to SARS-CoV-2 infections has been generated.

Capsaicin suppresses ciliary function, while inducing permeability in bronchial epithelial cell cultures of COPD patients.

Capsaicin modified inflammatory response and caused toxicity in bronchial epithelial cultures from patients with COPD. More importantly, capsaicin decreased ciliary beat frequency and induced epithelial permeability and these effects were partially prevented by formoterol and roflumilast. Tear gas is widely used to halt mass demonstrations.

In Silico Methods for the Identification of Diagnostic and Favorable Prognostic Markers in Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the most common type of acute leukemia in adults, is mainly asymptomatic at early stages and progresses/recurs rapidly and frequently. These attributes necessitate the identification of biomarkers for timely diagnosis and accurate prognosis. In this study, differential gene expression analysis was performed on large-scale transcriptomics data of AML patients versus corresponding normal tissue.

Investigating Molecular Determinants of Cancer Cell Resistance to Ionizing Radiation Through an Integrative Bioinformatics Approach.

Eradication of cancer cells through exposure to high doses of ionizing radiation (IR) is a widely used therapeutic strategy in the clinical setting. However, in many cases, cancer cells can develop remarkable resistance to radiation. Radioresistance represents a prominent obstacle in the effective treatment of cancer.

The effects of botulinum toxin A and papaverine on human saphenous vein and internal mammary artery grafts: an study.

Introduction: Autologous saphenous vein (SV) and internal mammary artery (IMA) are used as bypass conduits during coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Vasospasm of the arterial and venous grafts may constitute a significant clinical problem. Pretreatment with a vasodilator drug of the graft or intraluminal injection before implantation may be used for spasm prophylaxis.

Evaluation of 5-day In Vivo Rat Liver and Kidney With High-throughput Transcriptomics for Estimating Benchmark Doses of Apical Outcomes.

A 5-day in vivo rat model was evaluated as an approach to estimate chemical exposures that may pose minimal risk by comparing benchmark dose (BMD) values for transcriptional changes in the liver and kidney to BMD values for toxicological endpoints from traditional toxicity studies. Eighteen chemicals, most having been tested by the National Toxicology Program in 2-year bioassays, were evaluated. Some of these chemicals are potent hepatotoxicants (eg, DE71, PFOA, and furan) in rodents, some exhibit toxicity but have minimal hepatic effects (eg, acrylamide and α,β-thujone), and some exhibit little overt toxicity (eg, ginseng and milk thistle extract) based on traditional toxicological evaluations.

as a Prognostic Predictor for Diverse Human Cancers: A Meta- and Bioinformatics Analysis.

Several studies suggest that upregulated expression of the long non-coding RNA () is a negative predictive biomarker for numerous cancers. Herein, we performed a meta-analysis to further investigate the prognostic value of expression in diverse human cancers. To this end, a systematic literature review was conducted in order to select scientific studies relevant to the association between expression and clinical outcomes, including overall survival (OS), recurrence-free survival (RFS)/disease-free survival (DFS), and progression-free survival (PFS)/metastasis-free survival (MFS) of cancer patients.

The Effect of Zinc Deficiency and Supplementation on Elements in the Kidney Tissue of Ovariectomized Rats: Histopathologic Changes.

The objective of the present study is to determine the effects of zinc deficiency in and zinc supplementation to ovariectomized rats on some elements in kidney tissue. The study included 40 Sprague-Dawley type adult female rats. The experimental animals were randomized into four groups with equal numbers as follows: Group 1: Control (10).

Relaxation matters: comparison of in-vitro vasodilatory role of botulinum toxin-A and papaverine in human radial artery grafts.

Background: Radial artery (RA) is widely used in coronary artery bypass (CABG) surgery and the prevention of spasm is crucial for graft patency. Botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) and B are commonly used for aesthetic reasons and neuromuscular disorders. They are proven to raise blood flow and increase survival of ischemic skin flaps.

Systemic exposure of vinpocetine in pregnant Sprague Dawley rats following repeated oral exposure: An investigation of fetal transfer.

Vinpocetine is being used worldwide by people of all ages, including pregnant women, for its purported multiple health benefits. However, limited data is available addressing the safety/toxicity of vinpocetine. The National Toxicology Program conducted studies to examine potential effects of vinpocetine on the developing rat.

Associations Between Nucleus Size, and Immunohistochemical Galectin-3, Cytokeratine-19 and Hbme-1 Markers in Thyroid Papillary Carcinoma: A Morphometric Analyze.

This study aimed to evaluate the morphometric measurements in cases with papillary thyroid carcinoma, and determine a cut-off value to support diagnosis. Fifty cases with a diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) were included in the study with their Galectine-3, CK-19 and HBME-1 immunohistochemical staining results. Demographic and clinical data gathered from pathology reports, which included demographic information such as patients' sex, age, macroscopic tumor size, number of tumor focuses; prognostic parameters such as lenfovascular invasion, perineural invasion, thyroid capsule invasion; and results of immunohistochemical CK- 19, Galectin-3 and HBME-1 staining.

Course of sepsis in rats with thyroid dysfunction.

Objective: Numerous studies show the relationship between sepsis and thyroid hormones. Virtually all these studies investigate changes in post-sepsis thyroid hormones and the relationship between these changes and the progression of the disease. Our aim in this study was to investigate the progression of sepsis in rats with thyroid dysfunction.

Assessment of concomitant versus sequential trastuzumab on radiation-induced cardiovascular toxicity.

There are limited data regarding effect of trastuzumab on radiation-induced cardiovascular toxicity when used sequentially or concomitantly. This experimental study aims to investigate effect of trastuzumab on radiation-induced cardiovascular toxicity with respect to the treatment sequence. One hundred and eight female Wistar albino rats were divided into six groups (G): G1 was control, G2 was trastuzumab, and G3 was radiotherapy (RT); G4 and G6 were sequential RT and trastuzumab; and G5 was concomitant RT and trastuzumab groups, respectively.

Effects of strontium ranelate on sutural bone formation: a histological and immunohistochemical study.

Aim: Rapid maxillary expansion is performed to correct a skeletal transverse deficiency of the maxilla, which is a frequently- encountered orthodontic anomaly. Strontium ranelate (SrR) is a novel agent that has a dual action, involving anti-resorptive and bone-forming effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of systemically applied SrR on osteoblastic bone formation after maxillary expansion on the mid-palatal suture of rats using histological and immunohistochemical tests.

Autistic traits in women with primary dysmenorrhea: a case-control study.

Objectives: Recent studies have shown that women with autism spectrum disorder have higher rates of menstrual problems, including irregular menstrual cycles, unusually painful periods (dysmenorrhea), and excessive menstrual bleeding. In this study, we investigated the autistic traits in female university students with primary dysmenorrhea (PD).

Methods: Seventy females with PD and 70 females without PD were enrolled in the study.

The use of concurrent hormonotherapy and radiotherapy does not deteriorate radiation-induced cardiac toxicity.

Postmenopausal patients with breast cancer have two options for adjuvant endocrine therapy, tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors (AIs) as well as radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy. However, there is limited data regarding the optimal sequencing of RT and tamoxifen/AIs. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the effects of tamoxifen and AIs on radiation-induced cardiotoxicity.

Lateral Orbital Wall Destruction Due to Pilonidal Sinus.

Pilonidal sinus is a chronic inflammatory disease commonly observed in the sacrococcygeal region. The authors report a patient of a pilonidal sinus in a rare location-the lateral orbital region. The authors' patient was misdiagnosed with an epidermal cyst, and the subsequent incomplete excision of the sinus tract led a pilonidal sinus with a high morbidity resulting in the destruction of bone tissue in the lateral orbital wall.