Publications by authors named "Tove Fall"

Background: Higher meat intake has been associated with adverse health outcomes, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study investigated plasma metabolites associated with meat intake and their relation with cardiometabolic biomarkers, subclinical CVD markers, and incident CVD.

Methods: Associations between self-reported meat intake and 1272 plasma metabolites were investigated in the SCAPIS cohort (n = 8819; ages 50-64).

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Background: How cardiovascular diseases (CVD) predispose to a higher risk of fragility fractures is not well understood. Both contribute to significant components of disease burden and health expenditure. Poor bone quality, central obesity, sarcopenia, falls, and low grip strength are independent risk factors for hip and other fragility fractures and also for CVD and early death.

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Background: The urinary microbiome, or urobiome, is a novel area of research that has been gaining attention recently, as urine was thought to be sterile for years. There is limited information about the composition of the urobiome in health and disease. The urobiome may be affected by several factors and diseases such as diabetes, a disease that often leads to kidney damage.

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Objective: Meat intake is suggested to affect gut microbiome composition and the risk of chronic diseases. We aimed to identify meat-associated gut microbiome features and their association with host factors.

Design: Gut microbiota species were profiled by deep shotgun metagenomics sequencing in 9669 individuals.

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Aims/hypothesis: The potential impact of childhood bereavement-a severe psychological stressor-on childhood type 1 diabetes development remains unclear. Here, we aimed to bridge this knowledge gap and assess whether bereavement characteristics influenced any impact.

Methods: We conducted a register-based cohort study encompassing 3,598,159 children born in Sweden between 1987 and 2020.

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Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by coexisting risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Diet is of importance in their aetiology, and gut microbiota (GM) may constitute a link between diet and metabolic health. Understanding the interplay between diet and GM could contribute novel insights for future dietary guidelines, and aid in preventive actions to motivate adherence to dietary guidelines.

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To investigate whether coronary artery disease (CAD) burden is associated with plasma levels of the myocardial biomarkers Troponin I (TropI) and NT-proBNP in a large population-based sample using a cross-sectional design. Coronary computerized tomography (CT) angiography was performed in 25,859 subjects without a history of atherosclerotic disease from SCAPIS study (age 50-65, 52% women). TropI and NT-proBNP were measured in plasma.

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Article Synopsis
  • * In a study of 9,628 participants, the biomarker KIM-1 was found to significantly associate with coronary artery stenosis and coronary artery calcium score, even after controlling for common cardiovascular risk factors.
  • * KIM-1 indicates proximal tubular damage in kidneys and its association with atherosclerosis suggests potential early risk signals for cardiovascular issues in individuals who seem otherwise healthy, highlighting a need for more research on this biomarker.
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  • This study examined how common non-antibiotic medications impact gut microbiota in a large Swedish group of 2,223 participants.
  • Researchers analyzed the connections between 67 different medications (including polypharmacy, with 5+ medications) and found 97 significant associations involving various gut species and metabolic functions.
  • Some known findings, like proton pump inhibitors affecting oral bacteria, were confirmed, while new links were discovered relating to antidepressants and other drug classes, emphasizing the need for more research on these medication-gut interactions.
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  • The study investigates the cardiovascular effects of COVID-19 mRNA vaccination in over 8 million Swedish adults, focusing on risks for myocarditis, pericarditis, dysrhythmias, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and cerebrovascular events.
  • Results indicate that while there is a temporary increase in risks for myocarditis and extrasystoles shortly after vaccination, overall cardiovascular risks significantly decrease after full vaccination, particularly after the third dose.
  • The findings highlight the importance of vaccination in reducing severe cardiovascular complications associated with COVID-19, validating its protective benefits despite some rare adverse events.
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Aims/hypothesis: Charcot foot is a complication of diabetes mellitus that has potentially disastrous consequences. Although it was first described in 1868 and found to be associated with diabetes in 1936, there is still uncertainty about the risk factors affecting the development of the condition. Here, we aim to identify risk factors for Charcot foot in a nationwide cohort study.

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Myocardial infarction is a leading cause of death globally but is notoriously difficult to predict. We aimed to identify biomarkers of an imminent first myocardial infarction and design relevant prediction models. Here, we constructed a new case-cohort consortium of 2,018 persons without prior cardiovascular disease from six European cohorts, among whom 420 developed a first myocardial infarction within 6 months after the baseline blood draw.

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Genetic variants associated with increased liver fat and volume have been reported, but whether physical activity (PA) can attenuate the impact of genetic susceptibility to these traits is poorly understood. We aimed to investigate whether higher PA modify genetic impact on liver-related traits in the UK Biobank cohort. PA was self-reported, while magnetic resonance images were used to estimate liver fat (n = 27,243) and liver volume (n = 24,752).

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Diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2D) is associated with accelerated biological aging and the increased risk of onset of other age-related diseases. Epigenetic changes in DNA methylation levels have been found to serve as reliable biomarkers for biological aging. This study explores the relationship between various epigenetic biomarkers of aging and diabetes risk using longitudinal data.

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Aims/hypothesis: Parenting a child with type 1 diabetes has been associated with stress-related symptoms. This study aimed to elucidate the potential impact on parental risk of major cardiovascular events (MCE) and death.

Methods: In this register-based study, we included the parents of 18,871 children, born 1987-2020 and diagnosed with type 1 diabetes in Sweden at <18 years.

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Dog ownership has been associated with several complex traits, and there is evidence of genetic influence. We performed a genome-wide association study of dog ownership through a meta-analysis of 31,566 Swedish twins in 5 discovery cohorts and an additional 65,986 European-ancestry individuals in 3 replication cohorts from Sweden, Norway, and the United Kingdom. Association tests with >7.

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Plasma metabolomics holds potential for precision medicine, but limited information is available to compare the performance of such methods across multiple cohorts. We compared plasma metabolite profiles after an overnight fast in 11,309 participants of five population-based Swedish cohorts (50-80 years, 52% women). Metabolite profiles were uniformly generated at a core laboratory (Metabolon Inc.

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In this study, we developed a negative binomial regression model for one-week ahead spatio-temporal predictions of the number of COVID-19 hospitalizations in Uppsala County, Sweden. Our model utilized weekly aggregated data on testing, vaccination, and calls to the national healthcare hotline. Variable importance analysis revealed that calls to the national healthcare hotline were the most important contributor to prediction performance when predicting COVID-19 hospitalizations.

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Background: Previous population-based studies investigating the relationship between physical activity and the gut microbiota have relied on self-reported activity, prone to reporting bias. Here, we investigated the associations of accelerometer-based sedentary (SED), moderate-intensity (MPA), and vigorous-intensity (VPA) physical activity with the gut microbiota using cross-sectional data from the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study.

Methods: In 8416 participants aged 50-65, time in SED, MPA, and VPA were estimated with hip-worn accelerometer.

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Reduced lung function is associated with cardiovascular mortality, but the relationships with atherosclerosis are unclear. The population-based Swedish CArdioPulmonary BioImage study measured lung function, emphysema, coronary CT angiography, coronary calcium, carotid plaques and ankle-brachial index in 29,593 men and women aged 50-64 years. The results were confirmed using 2-sample Mendelian randomization.

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The percentage of people without children over their lifetime is approximately 25% in men and 20% in women. Individual diseases have been linked to childlessness, mostly in women, yet we lack a comprehensive picture of the effect of early-life diseases on lifetime childlessness. We examined all individuals born in 1956-1968 (men) and 1956-1973 (women) in Finland (n = 1,035,928) and Sweden (n = 1,509,092) to the completion of their reproductive lifespan in 2018.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study analyzed COVID-19 testing rates in Uppsala County, Sweden, focusing on how sociodemographic factors and access to testing influenced these rates.
  • It found that areas with higher healthcare needs (measured by the Care Need Index) had lower testing rates, particularly among younger populations.
  • Additionally, longer distances to testing stations decreased testing frequency, while a new testing site in a disadvantaged area significantly increased testing rates, highlighting the importance of accessible testing in reducing health inequalities.
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