Individual differences in sharing false political information on social media: Deliberate and accidental sharing, motivations and positive schizotypy.

False political information-misinformation or disinformation-is widely spread on social media. Individual social media users play a large part in this. However, only a minority actively share false material.

Positive psychological traits predict future sleep quality and quantity: exploring emotion regulation as a common mediator.

Objective: Mindfulness, self-compassion, gratitude, and optimism have each been associated with better sleep quality and quantity; however, their collective and relative contributions to future sleep outcomes remain unexplored. The current study therefore investigated whether baseline levels of these positive psychological traits could predict subsequent sleep quality and quantity. In addition, emotion regulation was examined as a potential common mediator of the relationships between each of the positive traits and sleep.

Investigating the combined and unique contributions of positive psychological traits to sleep and exploring emotion regulation as a common mediator.

The identification of variables which facilitate good quality and quantity sleep represents an important step in tackling the current global sleep loss epidemic. Previous research has established links between good sleep and the positive psychological traits of mindfulness, self-compassion, gratitude and optimism. However, studies have typically focused on single traits, limiting understanding of their collective and independent associations.

The Impact of Operative Intervention in Pediatric Lyme Arthritis.

Background: Lyme arthritis often presents as acute monoarticular arthritis challenging to distinguish from septic arthritis. Typical management for Lyme arthritis entails antibiotic therapy, while septic arthritis usually warrants operative debridement. During the period when Western Pennsylvania transitioned to a Lyme-endemic region, many children underwent operative intervention who were ultimately diagnosed with Lyme arthritis due to diagnostic ambiguity.

FSTL-1 Attenuation Causes Spontaneous Smoke-Resistant Pulmonary Emphysema.

The role of FSTL-1 (follistatin-like 1) in lung homeostasis is unknown. We aimed to define the impact of FSTL-1 attenuation on lung structure and function and to identify FSTL-1-regulated transcriptional pathways in the lung. Further, we aimed to analyze the association of FSTL-1 SNPs with lung disease.

Use of murine bioassay to resolve ovine transmissible spongiform encephalopathy cases showing a bovine spongiform encephalopathy molecular profile.

Two cases of unusual transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) were diagnosed on the same farm in ARQ/ARQ PrP sheep showing attributes of both bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and scrapie. These cases, UK-1 and UK-2, were investigated further by transmissions to wild-type and ovine transgenic mice. Lesion profiles (LP) on primary isolation and subpassage, incubation period (IP) of disease, PrP(Sc) immunohistochemical (IHC) deposition pattern and Western blot profiles were used to characterize the prions causing disease in these sheep.

Characterization of atypical scrapie cases from Great Britain in transgenic ovine PrP mice.

Twenty-four atypical scrapie cases from sheep with different prion protein genotypes from Great Britain were transmitted to transgenic tg338 and/or TgshpXI mice expressing sheep PrP alleles, but failed to transmit to wild-type mice. Mean incubation periods were 200-300 days in tg338 mice and 300-500 days in TgshpXI mice. Survival times in C57BL/6 and VM/Dk mice were >700 days.

Ovine PRNP untranslated region and promoter haplotype diversity.

The diversity and possible contribution of non-coding regions of the prion protein (PrP) gene (PRNP) to transmissible spongiform encephalopathy susceptibility and PrP regulation are not fully known. This study defined ten ovine PRNP promoters and five untranslated region (UTR) haplotypes found in atypical and classical scrapie cases and healthy control sheep. A greater diversity of promoter and UTR haplotypes was observed in conjunction with the ARQ PrP allele (seven promoter and four UTR haplotypes), while it was observed that the other alleles were linked with a limited number of haplotypes, such as ARR, found to be linked to only two promoter and one UTR haplotypes.

Polymorphisms of the prion protein gene coding region in born-after-the-reinforced-ban (BARB) bovine spongiform encephalopathy cattle in Great Britain.

Polymorphisms of the prion protein gene are associated with differing susceptibilities to transmissible spongiform encephalopathy diseases, as shown for variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans and scrapie in sheep, but not yet in cattle. Imposition of control measures in the UK, including a reinforced ruminant feed ban in 1996, has led to a reduction in the incidence of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). BSE-affected cattle born after 1996 in Great Britain have been termed born-after-the-reinforced-ban (BARB) cases.

Identification of a proteinase K resistant protein for use as an internal positive control marker in PrP Western blotting.

The routine use of an internal positive control (IPC) marker could prove useful in the diagnosis of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) diseases, particularly in surveillance programmes where large numbers of negative results are reported. Detection of an endogenous IPC protein in a negative sample adds confidence to the correct sample processing throughout the analytical procedure and could avoid the reporting of false negative diagnoses. Proteinase K (PK) resistance is one of the key diagnostic determinants of the disease-associated form of PrP (PrP(Sc)), the only disease-specific macromolecule currently associated with TSE disease.

[Neurologic diseases in Niger].

The authors report the results of a study realized at National Hospital of Niamey (Republic of Niger) from october 1981 to may 1986. Among 4820 patients living in Western Niger, 410 (8.5%) had neurological disorders.