Impact of absorber layer thickness, defect density, and operating temperature on the performance of MAPbI solar cells based on ZnO electron transporting material.

Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are the novel fourth-generation solar cells, with impressive progress in the last few years. MAPbI is a cost-effective material used as an absorber layer in PSCs. Due to the different diffusion length of carriers, the electron transporting material (ETM) plays a vital role in PSCs' performance.