From democratic participation to civic resistance: the loss of institutional trust as an outcome of activism in the refugee solidarity movement.

Adding to the literature on non-institutional political action and trust, this article argues that the loss of institutional trust is not only a cause but also an outcome of political activism. Studying the Danish refugee solidarity movement in a mixed-methods research design including survey and qualitative interview data, the article shows that three kinds of activism - political activism, humanitarian activity, and civil disobedience - relate differently to the loss of trust in the institutions of the Parliament, the legal system, and the police. Political activism primarily affects a loss of trust in the Parliament due to low external efficacy and a closed political opportunity structure.

[Is intracavernosal corticosteroid infiltration really useless in Peyronie's disease?].

Unlabelled: The value of intracavernosal corticosteroid infiltration remains controversial or may even be contraindicated in Peyronie's disease, as it is considered to be ineffective and a source of morbidity.

Objective: To retrospectively analyse the efficacy and safety of intracavernosal corticosteroid infiltration in a selected population only presenting clinical criteria of the acute phase of Peyronie's disease (pain and/or recent onset < 6 months).

Material And Method: Intracavernosal corticosteroid infiltration (weekly or twice-weekly) was performed in or around the plaque.

[Efficacy of extracorporeal lithotripsy in acute renal colic: prospective study about 57 consecutive patients].

Introduction: This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of ESWL in the management of acute renal colic.

Material And Method: From January 2003 to August 2003, 102 patients were hospitalised for renal colic. We treated 57 patients by ESWL using an EDAP LT 02 apparatus.

[Potential sexual consequences associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia and its treatments].

In this article, an updated review of the potential consequences of treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) on sexual function is proposed in the light of recent data. Differences exist between the different therapeutic options available for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) when we want to analyze the impact on sexuality. Surgical procedures including minimally invasive techniques are associated with ejaculation and also erection disorders.

Long-term results of transperitoneal laparoscopic fenestration in the treatment of simple renal cysts.

The aim of this paper was to assess long-term results of transperitoneal laparoscopic fenestration in the treatment of symptomatic simple renal cysts. Fifteen consecutive patients (7 men, 8 women), with a mean age of 51 years (range, 36-79 years), underwent transperitoneal fenestration of simple renal cysts (SRC) at our institution from 1994 to 2001. Data were collected by reviewing patients' clinical files, conducting telephone interviews regarding symptoms, and followup renal ultrasonography (US).

[Persistent hematuria after embolization for hemorrhagic complication following percutaneous nephrolithotomy: value of the study of red blood cell volume in urine].

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is associated with a high risk of complications, particularly bleeding, which makes it a potentially invasive technique. Management of haemorrhagic complications sometimes requires the use of embolization. Recurrence after embolization can occur as a result of revascularization or recanalization of vessels, but post-embolization infarction can also lead to persistent haematuria.

[TVT: prospective study comparing pre- and postoperative clinical, urodynamic and quality of life criteria].

Introduction: This prospective study on TVT compared preoperative and postoperative urodynamic in order to evaluate the effects of TVT on the detrusor-sphincter synergy, and quality of life criteria by means of a validated questionnaire.

Material And Method: From August 2000 to March 2002, the authors conducted a prospective study on two sites, Nice and Marseille, on 37 patients. The inclusion criteria were clinical and urodynamic.

[Value of laser ureteroscopy with semi-rigid ureteroscope in the treatment of stones less than 2 cm situated above the iliac vessels : Report of a retrospective series of 460 consecutive cases].

Objective: To evaluate the value of retrograde ureteroscopy in the treatment of stones less than 2 cm situated above the iliac artery.

Material And Method: Between September 1989 and December 1998, 460 consecutive patients, aged 14 to 86 years, presenting with stones situated above the iliac vessels and measuring less than 2 cm were initially managed by fine (7.5 F) semi-rigid ureteroscopy with CANDELA laser fragmentation in the majority of cases.

[Prospective study comparing ultrasonography guided trans-rectal biopsy and finger guided trans-perineal biopsy in the diagnosis of prostatic cancer].

Objective: To compare ambulatory ultrasound-guided transrectal biopsy and finger-guided transperineal biopsy.

Material And Methods: From June 1997 to October 1999, 51 patients were simultaneously biopsied by the two techniques and by the same operator, 30 min after antibiotic prophylaxis with 200 mg of Ciprofloxacin by intravenous injection. Transperineal biopsies were performed first, followed by ultrasound-guided transrectal biopsies.

Aortoiliac reconstruction and kidney transplantation: a multicenter study.

The occurrence of aortoiliac lesions with renal transplantation is an increasingly common combination that causes problems regarding operative strategy and indications for aortoiliac reconstruction and renal transplantation. To gain greater insight into these problems we undertook a retrospective multicenter study based on data from 24 kidney transplantation centers in France. A total of 83 patients who underwent both aortoiliac reconstruction and kidney transplantation were enrolled.

[La Peyronie disease. Historical, epidemiological, physiopathological data. Diagnostic and therapeutic approaches].

The origin of Peyronie's disease remains obscure although the first description dates back to 1743. The prevalence of the disease is 388.6 per 100,000 population.

A new vaginal procedure for cystocele repair and treatment of stress urinary incontinence.

Purpose: Treatment of cystoceles and stress urinary incontinence continues to evolve. We evaluated the efficacy of a new vaginal wall sling procedure for cystocele repair and treatment of stress urinary incontinence.

Materials And Methods: We present our experience with the vaginal wall sling procedure in 36 patients (mean age 67.

Gangrene of the perineum.

Fournier's gangrene, an anaerobic necrotizing cellulitis of the infradiaphragmatic soft tissues, is a serious pathologic entity with an unpredictable course. From 1978 to 1991, a total of 24 men (mean age, 57 years; range 27 to 90) were treated for this entity at our institution. Diagnosis prompted immediate institution of multimodal treatment combining triple antibiotics, surgical dissection, debridement, and repeated surgical drainage.

[Predictive value of urinary cytology in the diagnosis of urothelial tumors].

Between November 1991 and June 1993, 315 patients with urethral lesions were divided into two groups: group 1 included 215 patients with urethral tumours and group 2 included 100 patients with non-tumoural lesions. In all patients, urethral smears (performed on 3 consecutive days), pyelography and uretrocystoscopy (with bladder biopsy of observable lesions) were performed in all. The sensitivity of urine cytology examinations in the diagnosis of bladder cancer was found to by 80% with a specificity of 90%.

[Surgical treatment of gangrene of the perineum].

Acute perineal gangrene due to anaerobic Gram negative bacilli or streptococci rapidly leads to tissue necrosis and death in 50% of the cases despite progress in intensive care. Emergency treatment requires adapted antibiotics, hyperbaric oxygen therapy and repeated surgery. Factors of poor prognosis include age over 60 years, lomboabdominal or crural extension, septic shock, positive blood cultures and lack of fecal derivation.

[Coagulation disorders after endoscopic resection of the prostate].

Endoscopic resection of the prostate is a well defined surgical procedure. Nevertheless, certain coagulation disorders (hypercoagulability with risk of deep vein thrombosis, haemorrhage) can raise special problems. In patients not given heparin prophylaxis, the incidence of deep vein thrombosis is 10% in transurethral resections of the prostate (TURP).

[Radical prostatectomy after complete androgen blockade in stage B2 and C cancer].

Despite recent advances in imaging techniques, the staging process is still unsatisfactory in cancer of the prostate. The underestimation for stage B2 and C tumours in about 50%. We present our findings in a retrospective study analyzing the clinical and biological effects of complete androgen blockade before radical prostatectomy in patients with advanced stage localized tumours.

Comparison of 2 pulsed lasers for lithotripsy of ureteral calculi: report on 154 patients.

Extracorporeal lithotripsy does not always provide satisfactory results for the treatment of ureteral stones. Such cases appear to be excellent indications for endocorporeal lithotripsy based on an association of ureteroscopy and laser. To compare the performances of 2 pulsed lasers, the pulsed dye laser (Candela) and solid Q switched laser (HMT), for the treatment of these calculi 161 ureteral stones were treated successively from November 1990 to March 1992 by a combination of ureteroscopy and laser.

[Perineal gangrene. Analysis of 24 cases].

Fournier's syndrome, characterised by anaerobic necrotising cellulitis of the soft tissues situated below the diaphragm, is a serous disease with an unpredictable course. From 1978 to 1991, we treated 24 men with a mean age of 57 years (27 to 90 years). Following the diagnosis of this disease, rigorous treatment was instituted immediately, consisting of a triple antibiotic combination, repeated surgical exposure, debridement and drainage with a frequent, almost systematic indication for faecal diversion (n = 16), hyperbaric oxygen therapy and classical intensive care measures.

[Endoscopic internal urethrotomy. Retrospective studies of 132 cases].

The authors report a series of 132 patients with urethral stricture all treated by the same surgical technique between 1979 and 1984: direct vision internal urethrotomy. 62% of good results were obtained after a single operation with a follow-up ranging between 18 months and 5 years. There was no mortality and the morbidity was considered to be 5%.

Piezoelectric lithotripsy monotherapy for partial or total staghorn lithiasis and calculi larger than thirty millimeters.

Thirty patients with partial or total staghorn lithiasis or calculi larger than 30 mm were treated by piezoelectric lithotripsy (PEL) monotherapy using an EDAP LT-01 lithotripter with ultrasound guidance. Nineteen of these patients had a pelvic stone; the other 11 had partial (nine) or total (two) staghorn lithiasis. All patients first underwent an initial lithotripsy session.

[Exclusive piezo-electric lithotripsy (EDAP LT 01) in the treatment of calculi larger than 30 mm. Pyelic, partial or total staghorn].

Thirty patients with partial of total staghorn calculi or pyelic calculi greater than 30 mm were treated by extracorporal piezo-electric lithotripsy (PEL) exclusively with an EDAP LT 01 lithotripter equipped with an ultrasound localisation system. Nineteen patients had a pyelic calculus and the others a partial (n = 9) or total (n = 2) staghorn calculus. All patients first underwent extracorporal lithotripsy (ECL).

A randomized double-blind study evaluating Anandron associated with orchiectomy in stage D prostate cancer.

A randomized double-blind study with a 3-yr follow-up comparing the two arms "orchiectomy + Anandron (300 mg)" vs "orchiectomy + placebo" in 125 patients with stage D prostate cancer has confirmed the beneficial effects of the combined Anandron therapy on subjective parameters and on the best objective response (NPCP criteria), although these effects were not statistically significant, but failed to detect any improvement in time-to-disease progression or survival. Comparison with the results of other trials emphasizes the urgent need to establish suitable prognostic factors by further clinical research before evaluating the benefits of individual drugs.