PILRB potentiates the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and reprograms cholesterol metabolism to drive gastric tumorigenesis and metastasis.

Paired immunoglobin-like type 2 receptor beta (PILRB) mainly plays a crucial role in regulating innate immunity, but whether PILRB is involved in cancer is poorly understood. Here, we report that PILRB potentiates the PI3K/AKT pathway to drive gastric tumorigenesis by binding and stabilizing IRS4, which could hyperactivate the PI3K/AKT pathway. Firstly, the levels of PILRB are upregulated in human gastric cancer (GC) specimens and associated with poor prognosis in patients with GC.

The m6A reader HNRNPC promotes glioma progression by enhancing the stability of IRAK1 mRNA through the MAPK pathway.

Glioma is the most common and aggressive type of primary malignant brain tumor. The N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification widely exists in eukaryotic cells and plays an important role in the occurrence and development of human tumors. However, the function and mechanism of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C (HNRNPC), an RNA-binding protein and m6A reader in gliomas remains to be comprehensively and extensively explored.

Targeted inhibition of branched-chain amino acid metabolism drives apoptosis of glioblastoma by facilitating ubiquitin degradation of Mfn2 and oxidative stress.

Glioblastoma is one of the most challenging malignancies with high aggressiveness and invasiveness and its development and progression of glioblastoma highly depends on branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism. The study aimed to investigate effects of inhibition of BCAA metabolism with cytosolic branched-chain amino acid transaminase (BCATc) Inhibitor 2 on glioblastoma, elucidate its underlying mechanisms, and explore therapeutic potential of targeting BCAA metabolism. The expression of BCATc was upregulated in glioblastoma and BCATc Inhibitor 2 precipitated apoptosis both in vivo and in vitro with the activation of Bax/Bcl2/Caspase-3/Caspase-9 axis.

A practical nomogram for predicting early death in elderly small cell lung cancer patients: A SEER-based study.

This study aimed to identify risk factors for early death in elderly small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients and develop nomogram prediction models for all-cause and cancer-specific early death to improve patient management. Data of elderly patients diagnosed with SCLC were extracted from the SEER database, then randomly divided into training and validation cohorts. Univariate and stepwise multivariable Logistic regression analyses were performed on the training cohort to identify independent risk factors for early death in these patients.

PFKP deubiquitination and stabilization by USP5 activate aerobic glycolysis to promote triple-negative breast cancer progression.

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains the most challenging subtype of breast cancer and lacks definite treatment targets. Aerobic glycolysis is a hallmark of metabolic reprogramming that contributes to cancer progression. PFKP is a rate-limiting enzyme involved in aerobic glycolysis, which is overexpressed in various types of cancers.

A novel polymer enabled by polymerized small molecule strategy for tumor photothermal and photodynamic therapy.

Photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) are effective method for tumor treatment. However, the limited variety and quantity of photothermal agents (PTAs) and photosensitizer (PSs) are still major challenges. Moreover, the cell apoptosis mechanism induced by PDT and PTT is still elusive.

Metformin protects against retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury through AMPK-mediated mitochondrial fusion.

Retinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a common pathological process responsible for cellular damage in glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy and hypertensive retinopathy. Metformin is a biguanide drug that exerts strong effects on multiple diseases. This study aims to evaluate the protective effect of metformin against retinal I/R injury and its underlying mechanism.

Bone marrow stromal cell-derived exosomes improve oxidative stress and pyroptosis in doxorubicin-induced myocardial injury in vitro by regulating the transcription of GSDMD through the PI3K-AKT-Foxo1 pathway.

Objectives: Doxorubicin (DOX) can contribute to severe myocardial injury, and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC)-exosomes (Exos) improves acute myocardial infarction. Hence, this research investigated whether BMSC-Exos alleviated DOX-induced myocardial injury.

Methods: BMSC-derived Exos were isolated and identified, and the optimal concentration of DOX was confirmed.

Budding uninhibited by benzimidazoles 1 overexpression is associated with poor prognosis and malignant phenotype: A promising therapeutic target for lung adenocarcinoma.

Background: The budding uninhibited by benzimidazoles (BUB) family is involved in the cell cycle process as mitotic checkpoint components. Abnormal proliferation is a vital process in the development of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Nevertheless, the roles of BUB1 in LUAD remain unclear.

Oxidative Stress and Pyroptosis in Doxorubicin-Induced Heart Failure and Atrial Fibrillation.

Patients undergoing doxorubicin (Dox) chemotherapy often develop new-onset atrial fibrillation and heart failure. Recent studies indicate that the TLR4/MyD88/NLRP3 pyroptosis signaling pathway plays a key role in the occurrence and development of cancer, heart failure, and atherosclerosis. However, few studies investigated the role of oxidative stress and pyroptosis in doxorubicin-induced heart failure and new-onset atrial fibrillation.

Integrative analysis and identification of key elements and pathways regulated by Traditional Chinese Medicine (Yiqi Sanjie formula) in colorectal cancer.

The clinical efficacy of Yiqi Sanjie (YQSJ) formula in the treatment of stage III colorectal cancer (CRC) has been demonstrated. However, the underlying antitumor mechanisms remain poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to comprehensively characterize the molecular and microbiota changes in colon tissues and fecal samples from CRC mice and in CRC cell lines treated with YQSJ or its main active component, peiminine.

Lactate protects against oxidative stress-induced retinal degeneration by activating autophagy.

Age-related macular degeneration is a common cause of blindless among the aged, which can mainly be attributed to oxidative stress and dysregulated autophagy in retinal pigment epithelium cells. Lactate was reported to act as a signaling molecule and exerted beneficial effect against oxidative stress. This study aims to investigate the protective effect of lactate against oxidative stress-induced retinal degeneration.

Baicalein sensitizes triple negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells to doxorubicin via autophagy-mediated down-regulation of CDK1.

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a kind of refractory cancer with poor response to conventional chemotherapy. Recently, the combination of baicalein and doxorubicin was reported to exert a synergistic antitumor effect on breast cancer. However, the underlying mechanism how baicalein sensitizes breast cancer cells to doxorubicin remains to be elucidated.

Metformin-induced AMPK activation promotes cisplatin resistance through PINK1/Parkin dependent mitophagy in gastric cancer.

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common tumors worldwide, and cisplatin is a standard chemotherapeutic reagent for GC treatment. However, chemoresistance is an inherent challenge which limits its application and effectiveness in clinic. This study aims to investigate the mechanism of metformin-induced cisplatin resistance in GC.

Curcumin protects retinal neuronal cells against oxidative stress-induced damage by regulating mitochondrial dynamics.

Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the damage of retinal neuronal cells. Curcumin, the phytocompound, has anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties. It was shown that curcumin exerted a beneficial effect on retinal neuronal cell survival.

Correlation Analysis Between Trace Elements and Colorectal Cancer Metabolism by Integrated Serum Proteome and Metabolome.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is currently the third most common cancer with a high mortality rate. The underlying molecular mechanism of CRC, especially advanced CRC, remains poorly understood, resulting in few available therapeutic plans. To expand our knowledge of the molecular characteristics of advanced CRC and explore possible new therapeutic strategies, we herein conducted integrated proteomics and metabolomics analyses of 40 serum samples collected from 20 advanced CRC patients before and after treatment.

microRNA-1321 and microRNA-7515 contribute to the progression of non-small cell lung cancer by targeting CDC20.

Cell division cycle 20 (CDC20) and microRNAs (miRNAs) are differentially expressed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The current study aimed to investigate the role of miR-1321 and miR-7515 regulation in CDC20 during NSCLC development. CDC20 expression in paracancerous and tumor tissues was assessed using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).

Molecular Characterization of Advanced Colorectal Cancer Using Serum Proteomics and Metabolomics.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a growing public health concern due to its high mortality rate. Currently, there is a lack of valid diagnostic biomarkers and few therapeutic strategies are available for CRC treatment, especially for advanced CRC whose underlying pathogenic mechanisms remain poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated the serum samples from 20 patients with stage III or IV advanced CRC using data-independent acquisition (DIA)-based proteomics and ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-TOF-MS/MS) metabolomics techniques.

Galangin Inhibits Cholangiocarcinoma Cell Growth and Metastasis through Downregulation of MicroRNA-21 Expression.

Galangin, a natural flavonoid product derived from the root of galangal, is emerging as a promising anticancer agent against multiple cancers. Yet, whether it also has antitumor effects on cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) and the underlying mechanism is still unknown. Herein, we demonstrate that galangin exhibits multiple antitumor effects on CCA cells including decreases cell viability; inhibits proliferation, migration, and invasion; and induces apoptosis.

CircRNA hsa_circ_0087862 Acts as an Oncogene in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer by Targeting miR-1253/RAB3D Axis.

Purpose: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been found to regulate several human tumors. The present study was to explore the mechanism of hsa_circ_0087862 in regulating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: Totally 102 NSCLC cases were enrolled.

Association of PD-L1 expression status with the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and overall survival in solid tumours: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Whether PD-L1-positive patients derive more overall survival benefit from PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in the treatment of advanced solid tumours is unclear. We systematically searched the PubMed, Cochrane library and EMBASE databases from January 1, 1966 to March 1, 2019, to identify randomised controlled trials of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors (nivolumab, pembrolizumab, atezolizumab, durvalumab and avelumab) that had available hazard ratios (HRs) for death according to PD-L1 status. A random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled overall survival (OS) HR and 95% CI among PD-L1-positive and PD-L1-negative patients.

The prognostic value of PKM2 and its correlation with tumour cell PD-L1 in lung adenocarcinoma.

Background: The prognostic value of PKM2 and its correlation with tumour cell PD-L1 in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is unclear.

Methods: A total of 506 lung adenocarcinoma samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset and 173 LUAD tumour tissues from Jiangxi Cancer Hospital were used to analyse the correlation between PKM2 and PD-L1 expression. We further established a stable LUAD cell line with PKM2 knockdown and confirmed the association via Western blotting and flow cytometry analysis.

CD5 and CD43 Expression are Associate with Poor Prognosis in DLBCL Patients.

Objective: To investigate the expression and clinical significance of CD5 and CD43 in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (unspecified).

Methods: Sixty - five patients with diagnosed DLBCL were enrolled. The expressions of CD5, CD43, CD10, Bcl-6 and Mun-1 were detected by immuno histochemistry.

Macranthoidin B Modulates Key Metabolic Pathways to Enhance ROS Generation and Induce Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis in Colorectal Cancer.

Background/aims: Induction of oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated-apoptosis have been utilized as effective strategies in anticancer therapy. Macranthoidin B (MB) is a potent inducer of ROS-mediated apoptosis in cancer, but its mechanism of action is poorly understood.

Method: Superoxide production with MB exposure in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells was measured using lucigenin chemiluminescence and real-time PCR.