[Oxidoreductase expression and protein storage in winter and spring cereals under extremal temperature condition].

Cultivation of wheat and barley plants under temperature stress fluctuations was the reason of reduction of acid protein common storage in the tissues more than 25% and the reason of reduction of peroxidase and superoxide dismutase common activities. There were no changes of common phenoloxidase activity. Activity redistribution between separate fractions of enzyme spectra were linked with enzyme expression changes.

[Quantitative characters of male generative structures cells of wheat, rye and wheat-rye hybrids during microsporogenesis].

The optical density indices of nucleoli and cytoplasm of male generative cells during microsporogenesis have been estimated for wheat, rye and F1 of wheat-rye hybrids using RNA staining. The correlation between RNA con tent in the nucleolus and the cytoplasm of investigated cells has been estimated. The dynamics of correlation between the nucleolus volume and RNA content in the nucleolus/ the cytoplasm has been shown for wheat and hybrids cells during microsporogenesis.

[Evaluation of enzyme multiple forms spectra using the index of system diversity level].

Comparative estimation of the most widely used indexes of the system diversity has been carried out using model electrophoretic spectra. The basic requirements to the diversity index of electrophoretic spectra are formulated. A formula for the estimation of the level of spectra diversity of multiple forms on the basis of synthesis of the Ashby complication of the system index and the Simpson index is offered.

[Locus Adh and adaptation of cn and vg mutants in the experimental populations of Drosophila melanogaster Meig].

Complex study of adaptation and allozyme belonging of alcoholdehydrogenase (ADH) in cn and vg mutants has been carried out in the initial pure lines, in their panmixia populations and in condition of substitution of the mutant genotype by saturating crossings. It was shown that the high level of adaptation of cn mutants and the low level of adaptation of vg mutants was combined with the presence of different ADH allozymes. During the saturating crossings the reliable coadaptation of the genes cn and Adh(S) as well as vg and Adh(F) was detected that confirmes the postulated earlier conception of gene adaptation complexes.

[Genetic structure of the experimental population of Drosophila melanogaster polymorphic with respect to beta-carboxyesterase locus].

The polymorphism of beta-phile carboxyesterase (E.C.3.

[Genetic-biochemical problems of vitaminology].

The results of up-to-date researches made on the interaction of vitaminology and genetics are assumed. Publications, which were issued after the completion of superlative scientific career of academician R. V.

[Problems of formation of genetic coadaptation during creation of synthetic genotypes].

In the review the problems of restoration of genetic coadaptation in some agricultural crops under creation of synthetic genotypes using sexual hybridization and transgenosis are considered. On the basis of the study of multiple molecular forms of the enzymes, the mechanisms of formation of adaptive complexes of genes (ACG) are traced. Cytogenetic mechanisms interfering stabilization of synthetic genotypes are considered.

[Genetic and biochemical mechanisms of ontogenetic and phylogenetic adaptation].

Results of the scientific research of genetic mechanisms of ontogenetic and phylogenetic adaptation in the department of genetics and molecular biology of the Odessa national university (ONU) are summarized. The new concept of genetic adaptation and adaptive heterosis is proposed. The evidence are presented that not only selection of selectively valuable alleles of the structural genes of enzymes, but also of gene-modifiers of the gene products are involved in the adaptation of D.

[Conjugation resistance to Fusarium graminearum Schwabe with multiple molecular forms of some enzymes in winter wheat].

Electrophoretic spectra of multiple molecular forms of peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.

[Genetic determination and inheritance of resistance to Fusarium graminearum L. in wheat].

A genetic basis of resistance of winter wheat to Fusarium graminearum causing Fusarium head blight was defined as a result of F1, F2, BC1 hybrid analysis in the crosses of some lines and varieties with highly susceptible variety Odesskaya polukarlikovaya. It was found out that resistance to Fusarium graminearum inherited regardless of resistance to rust, mildew and Septoria.

[Changes of gene expression in Solanum tuberosum L. as a result of transgenes].

Potato plants of various cultivars, transformed using Agrobacterium tumefaciens with pGV941 plasmid, differed from control plants in glyphosate herbicide tolerance, tryptophane content, intensity of callusogenesis, microtuber formation in vitro and multimolecular forms of peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.

[The gene-enzyme system of alcohol dehydrogenase during genotype changes in Drosophila melanogaster].

It is established, that certain variants of replacement of chromosomes performed on wild (C-S, D) and mutant (cn, vg) lines as well as continuous backcrosses, leads to the change of heat resistance and activity of F- and S-allozymes of ADH in tissues of synthesized forms of drosophila. But nevertheless, the electrophoretic mobility of allozymes does not change. It is assumed that post-translated modifications of ADH play the important part in processes of phylogenetic adaptation of Drosophila melanogaster.

[Genotypic basis of low viability in vestigial mutants of Drosophila melanogaster].

The role of a marker mutation and other genes in a decrease in viability was studied in the Drosophila melanogaster vg line. In flies of the C-S line, chromosome 2 was substituted by the homologous chromosome of the vg flies. In addition, the flies of the mutant phenotype with mutant genes partially or completely substituted by the wild-type C-S genes were obtained in saturating crosses C-S x vg.

[Effect of various compounds on electrophoretic spectra of multiple molecular forms of peroxidase].

The effect of different reagents to colour intensity on PAA gel bands using benzidine was studied. All the investigated reagents were divided into three groups 1) reagents with no effect on visualization of peroxidase molecular forms colour intensity; 2) those relatively equally decreasing colour intensity; 3) selective effect on visualization of peroxidase molecular forms. Ferulic, ascorbic and indole-3-acetic acids, phloroglucin and hydroquinone are most interesting in our investigation.

[Gene-enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase system and adaptability in Drosophila melanogaster].

As follows from the experiments on the genotypic related populations of Drosophila melanogaster with different frequency of ADH allozymes selection for postponement of ageing and resistance to hypothermia lead to saturation of population with S-allozyme ADH, and genotypic adaptation to ethanol-to increasing of frequency of F-allozyme. It is supposed that genotypic adaptation is realized by selection of specimens with the most favourable alleles of genes. At the same time ontogenetic adaptation is accompanied by biochemical modification of existing allozymes.

[Alcohol dehydrogenase polymorphism and the genotypic adaptation of D. melanogaster to the action of selective factors].

Analysis of experimental populations of Drosophila has shown different selective value of S- and F-alleles of Adh locus under selection for delayed aging, resistance to elevated temperature and ethanol. Selection for delayed aging and resistance to hyperthermia was accompanied by an increase of Adhs frequency in populations and genotypic adaptation to ethanol- by an increase of AdhF frequency.

[Esterase-6 gene-enzyme system and resistance of Drosophila to increased temperature].

The effect of the gene-enzyme system of esterase-6 (EST-6) on the expression of viability traits in Drosophila melanogaster was studied at normal and high temperatures. Interline, ontogenetic, and sexual differences of beta-esterase activity in tissue extracts were found. The differences were not correlated with the viability parameters of the flies.

[Gene-enzyme system of alcohol dehydrogenase and adaptation of Drosophila to increased temperature].

Properties and allelic ADH (alcohol dehydrogenase) control in Drosophila melanogaster were studied upon flies' cultivation under conditions of hypotherm of different intensity and duration. Lines homozygotic for F allele (vg) and S allele (cn) of the Adh gene as well as genetically enriched experimental cn' and vg' populations containing a small number of AdhF/AdhS heterozygotes at the initial stage were used. It was found out that physiological adaptation of the species to momentary influence of elevated temperature is accompanied by modification of physical properties of ADH-F according to ADH-S.

[The effect of amino acids in the asparagine family on the aspartate kinase and homoserine dehydrogenase of ethionine-resistant mutants of Pseudomonas putida].

The activity of aspartate kinase and homoserin dehydrogenase from ethionine resistant mutants Pseudomonas putida 25 and 6 have been studied as affected by amino acids from the family of asparagine. They are characterized by a capacity to the surplus synthesis of methionine. It is shown that mutants have negative regulation of the level of activity of the studied enzymes.

[Expressivity of the gene-enzymatic system and viability indicators in the ontogenesis of Drosophila inbred lines and hybrids].

The activity, physico-chemical properties and multiple molecular forms of enzymes (alcohol dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase, nonspecific alpha- and beta-esterases, hydroxide peptidohydrolase) were studied in ontogenesis of Drosophila inbred lines and their hybrids under conditions of high temperature (37-41 degrees C) and the presence in food of 10% ethanol. It was established that resistance of individuals to the effect of high temperature and alcohol, including manifestation of adaptive heterosis in hybrids not always depends on the level of the activity of enzymes analysed and is rather determined by allelic state of the appropriate structural genes. So, in conditions of the alcohol stress the individuals containing highly active F form of alcohol dehydrogenase have selective advantage and flie with hybrid F/S enzyme of higher activity and heat stability are more stable to the effect of high temperature.

[Alcohol dehydrogenase and adaptation to ethanol in Drosophila].

The subject of this research is activity and allozyme spectra of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), and survival of mutant strains of Drosophila kept in standard nutrient medium with added ethanol. In all experiments the ADH of flies revealed greater affinity to isopropanol than ethanol. The mutant strains considerably differed from one another and from the wild type of flies in the level of enzyme activity, which may be connected with genotypic properties in the mutants studied.

[The SOS-like reactions of Pseudomonas putida].

Under ultraviolet radiation of Pseudomonas putida 1087 the SOS-similar response which is expressed in the inhibition of cell respiration and cell division with the following filamentation is revealed. In the result of introduction of pPE24 and pMH21 plasmids into the cells of P. putida 1087 for inhibition of RecA-similar protein the SOS-similar response disappears and the basic cell mass dies.

[The effect of calcium pantothenate and homopantothenate on [14C]-GABA absorption by slices of rat cerebral cortex].

Calcium D-pantothenate (Ca D-P) and calcium D-homopantothenate (Ca D-HP) (pantogam) exhibiting antagonism in a number tests of pharmacological screening were shown to inhibit the absorption of [14C]-GABA (0.2 microM) by the rat brain cortex slices (3 mm) incubated in calcium-free medium. The effect of Ca D-HP manifests at its low concentrations (10(-6) M) and that of Ca D-P at high concentrations (10(-6) M).

[Uptake of [14C]GABA by rat brain slices; the effect of Ca2+].

The [14C]GABA uptake by slices (0.3 mm thick) of Wistar rat brain cortex was studied for its dependence on the GABA concentration in the medium, time of incubation and the presence of Ca2+. This process is characterized by the absence of saturation; the uptake by slices increases sharply when the concentration of exogenous [14C]GABA reaches 200 microM.

[Ontogenic properties of peptidohydrolase activity in tissue extracts from Drosophila melanogaster].

The paper deals with the activity of peptidohydrolases splitting hemoglobin, casein and benzoylarginine-p-nitroanilide (BAPNA) in the ontogenesis of Drosophila mutant white apricot (wa). The enzymic activity is high in the intestine tissue at the larval stage, but it does not manifest itself at the pupal stage that may be due to inactivation of the studied enzymes by inhibitors found in extracts of the pupal tissues. The imaginal period of development is characterized by a low level of the peptidohydrolase activity in females and its absence in males in whose tissues there is a high content of inhibitors.