Cognitive performance from childhood to old age and intergenerational correlations in the multigenerational Young Finns Study.

Background: Cognitive performance changes during the lifespan, but the information is gathered from studies on separate age cohorts. Computerized neurocognitive testing enables efficient and similar assessments for all ages. We investigated (i) the effect of age at different stages of life and (ii) intergenerational correlations across cognitive domains in the multigenerational Young Finns Study.

Change in cognitive performance during seven-year follow-up in midlife is associated with sex, age, and education - The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study.

Objective: Sex, age, and education are associated with the level of cognitive performance. We investigated whether these factors modulate the change in cognitive performance in midlife by leveraging the longitudinal data from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study (YFS).

Methods: Participants of the YFS cohort performed a computer-based Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) in 2011 and 2018 (n = 1671, age 41-56 years in 2018).

Association of Ideal Cardiovascular Health in Youth with Cancer Risk in Adulthood: A Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study.

Background: Lifestyle factors may affect cancer risk. This study aimed to identify whether the American Heart Association ideal cardiovascular health (ICH) score and its individual variables in youth are associated with subsequent cancer incidence.

Methods: This study comprised participants of the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study free of cancer at the analysis baseline in 1986 (n = 1,873).

Association of number of siblings with preclinical markers of cardiovascular disease. The cardiovascular risk in Young Finns study.

To investigate the association of number of siblings with preclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) markers in adulthood. The sample comprised 2776 participants (54 % female) from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study who had CVD risk factor data measured in childhood in 1980 (aged 3-18 years) and markers of preclinical CVD measured in adulthood. Echocardiography was performed in 2011, and carotid intima-media thickness, carotid distensibility, brachial flow-mediated dilatation, and arterial pulse wave velocity were measured in 2001 or 2007.

Metformin Versus Insulin for Gestational Diabetes: Cognitive and Neuropsychological Profiles of Children Aged 9 years.

Objective: We compared cognitive profile and neuropsychological performance in 9-year-old offspring of mothers who were treated with metformin or insulin for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Methods: A total of 172 children whose mothers were randomly assigned to receive either metformin or insulin for GDM were studied at the age of 9 years. Of these children, 127 were from Turku, Finland (63 metformin and 64 insulin), and 45 from Oulu, Finland (19 metformin and 26 insulin).

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Incidence and Remission and Their Predictors During 7 Years of Follow-up Among Finns.

Context: The incidence and remission of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are sparsely studied outside Asia.

Objective: This prospective study aimed to investigate NAFLD incidence and remission, and their predictors among a general Finnish population.

Methods: The applied cohort included 1260 repeatedly studied middle-aged participants with data on liver ultrasound and no excessive alcohol intake.

Metformin versus insulin for gestational diabetes: Adiposity variables and adipocytokines in offspring at age of 9 years.

Aims: To compare body composition, visceral adiposity, adipocytokines, and low-grade inflammation markers in prepubertal offspring of mothers who were treated with metformin or insulin for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Methods: 172 offspring of 311 mothers randomized to receive metformin (n = 82) or insulin (n = 90) for GDMwere studied at 9 years of age (follow-up rate 55%). Measurements included anthropometrics, adipocytokines, markers of the low-grade inflammation, abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic liver spectrometry (MRS), and whole body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).

Level, types and determinants of physical activity in children with type 1 diabetes and their parents: A cross-sectional study.

Aim: The aim of the study was to describe the level, types and determinants of leisure time PA and exercise among children with type 1 diabetes and their parents.

Methods: One hundred twenty children aged 6-18 years with type 1 diabetes and 113 parents (n = 113) participated to this questionnaire-based study at Northern Ostrobothnia District Hospital in Oulu, western Finland. All participants gave informed consent before entering this study.

Childhood Dyslipidemia and Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque in Adulthood: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study.

Background Childhood exposure to dyslipidemia is associated with adult atherosclerosis, but it is unclear whether the long-term risk associated with dyslipidemia is attenuated on its resolution by adulthood. We aimed to address this question by examining the links between childhood and adult dyslipidemia on carotid atherosclerotic plaques in adulthood. Methods and Results The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study is a prospective follow-up of children that began in 1980.

Use of antibiotics and risk of type 2 diabetes, overweight and obesity: the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study and the national FINRISK study.

Purpose: To investigate whether exposure to systemic antibiotics influences the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and overweight/obesity.

Methods: The study sample comprised 2209 (110 with incident diabetes) participants from the population-based Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study (YFS) aged 24-39 years in 2001. The exposure was national linked register data on purchased antibiotic courses between 1993 and 2001.

The associations of childhood psychosocial factors with cognitive function in midlife-The young finns study.

Objective: An adverse psychosocial environment in childhood may harm cognitive development, but the associations for adulthood cognitive function remain obscure. We tested the hypothesis that adverse childhood psychosocial factors associate with poor cognitive function in midlife by leveraging the prospective data from the Young Finns Study.

Method: At the age of 3-18 years, the participants' psychosocial factors (socioeconomic and emotional environment, parental health behaviors, stressful events, child's self-regulatory behavior, and social adjustment) were collected.

Exposure to parental smoking and cardiac structure and function in adulthood: the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study.

Background And Aims: The relationship between childhood tobacco smoke exposure and cardiac structure and function in midlife is unclear. We investigated the association between parental smoking with cardiac structure and function in adulthood.

Methods: 1250 participants (56.

Child type 1 diabetes associated with mother vaginal bacteriome and mycobiome.

Mother vaginal microbes contribute to microbiome of vaginally delivered neonates. Child microbiome can be associated with autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes (T1D). We collected vaginal DNA samples from 25 mothers with a vaginally delivered child diagnosed with T1D and samples from 24 control mothers who had vaginally delivered a healthy child and analyzed bacteriome and mycobiome of the samples.

Risk Factor Profile in Youth, Genetic Risk, and Adulthood Cognitive Function: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study.

Introduction: The role of risk factor profile in childhood and adolescence on adulthood cognitive function and whether it differs by genetic risk is still obscure. To bring this evidence, we determined cognitive domain-specific youth risk factor profiles leveraging the childhood/adolescence data from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study and examined whether genetic propensity for poor cognitive function modifies the association between the risk profiles and adulthood cognitive function.

Methods: From 1980, a population-based cohort of 3,596 children (age 3-18 years) has been repeatedly followed up for 31 years.

Repeatedly Measured Serum Creatinine and Cognitive Performance in Midlife: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study.

Background And Objectives: Serum creatinine is typically used to assess kidney function. Impaired kidney function and thus high serum creatinine increase the risk of poor cognitive performance. However, serum creatinine might have a nonlinear association because low serum creatinine has been linked to cardiovascular risk and impaired cognitive performance.

Targeted Exome Sequencing of Genes Involved in Rare CNVs in Early-Onset Severe Obesity.

Rare copy number variants (CNVs) have been associated with the development of severe obesity. However, the potential disease-causing contribution of individual genes within the region of CNVs is often not known. Screening of rare variants in genes involved in CNVs in Finnish patients with severe early-onset obesity to find candidate genes linked to severe obesity.

The relationship between temperament, polygenic score for intelligence and cognition: A population-based study of middle-aged adults.

We investigated whether temperament modifies an association between polygenic intelligence potential and cognitive test performance in midlife. The participants (n = 1647, born between 1962 and 1977) were derived from the Young Finns Study. Temperament was assessed with Temperament and Character Inventory over a 15-year follow-up (1997, 2001, 2007, 2012).

Heterogeneity of beta-cell function in subjects with multiple islet autoantibodies in the TEDDY family prevention study - TEFA.

Background: Individuals with multiple islet autoantibodies are at increased risk for clinical type 1 diabetes and may proceed gradually from stage to stage complicating the recruitment to secondary prevention studies. We evaluated multiple islet autoantibody positive subjects before randomisation for a clinical trial 1 month apart for beta-cell function, glucose metabolism and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). We hypothesized that the number and type of islet autoantibodies in combination with different measures of glucose metabolism including fasting glucose, HbA1c, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), intra venous glucose tolerance test (IvGTT) and CGM allows for more precise staging of autoimmune type 1 diabetes than the number of islet autoantibodies alone.

Metformin versus insulin therapy for gestational diabetes: Effects on offspring anthropometrics and metabolism at the age of 9 years: A follow-up study of two open-label, randomized controlled trials.

Aims: To compare anthropometrics, and lipid and glucose metabolism in the 9-year-old offspring of mothers treated with metformin or insulin for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Materials And Methods: This was a Finnish two-centre, 9-year follow-up study of two open-label, randomized controlled trials comparing the effects observed in the offspring of mothers who received metformin and insulin treatment for GDM. Measurements included anthropometrics, blood pressure, lipoproteins, and oral glucose tolerance tests.

The natural history of emerging diabetic retinopathy and microalbuminuria from prepuberty to early adulthood in Type 1 diabetes: A 19-year prospective clinical follow-up study.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of long-term glycaemic control and glycaemic variability on microvascular complications in adolescents and young adults with childhood-onset Type 1 diabetes.

Methods: Twenty-six participants took part in a prospective follow-up study. We used univariate generalised estimating equations (GEE) analysis with first-order autoregressive AR(1) covariance structure for repeated measurements to evaluate the relationship between emerging diabetic retinopathy (DR) and each single explanatory variable, namely age at developmental stages from late prepuberty until early adulthood, duration of diabetes and long-term HbA .

Fatty liver index predicts incident risk of prediabetes, type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Aims: To investigate the association between overweight/obesity and fatty liver index (FLI) on the odds of incident prediabetes/type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in 2020 participants after 10 years follow up.

Methods: At baseline (in 2001) 2020 participants, males and females, aged 24-39 years, were stratified according to body mass index (BMI), normal weight (<25 kg/m), overweight (≥25-<30 kg/m), or obese (≥30 kg/m) and FLI (as high FLI ≥60 or low FLI <60). We examined the incidence of prediabetes/type 2 diabetes and NAFLD (ultrasound assessed) over 10 years to 2011 to determine the relative impact of FLI and BMI.

Association between Number of Siblings and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Childhood and in Adulthood: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study.

Objective: To determine the association of number of siblings on cardiovascular risk factors in childhood and in adulthood.

Study Design: In total, 3554 participants (51% female) from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study with cardiovascular disease risk factor data at baseline 1980 (age 3-18 years) and 2491 participants with longitudinal risk factor data at the 2011 follow-up. Participants were categorized by number of siblings at baseline (0, 1, or more than 1).

Cardiovascular Risk Factor Trajectories Since Childhood and Cognitive Performance in Midlife: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study.

Background: Cardiovascular risk factors, such as high blood pressure, adverse serum lipids, and elevated body mass index in midlife, may harm cognitive performance. It is important to note that longitudinal accumulation of cardiovascular risk factors since childhood may be associated with cognitive performance already since childhood, but the previous evidence is scarce. We studied the associations of cardiovascular risk factors from childhood to midlife, their accumulation, and midlife cognitive performance.

Agreement between an Image-Based Dietary Assessment Method and a Written Food Diary among Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes.

Valid and useful dietary assessment methods for adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are needed. In this study, we compared an image-based method with a written food diary for dietary intake estimation among adolescents with T1D and evaluated the adolescents' experiences of the methods. Adolescents with T1D aged 13 to 18 years ( = 13) photographed their meals ( = 264) with a mobile phone camera and simultaneously kept a written food diary for four consecutive days.

Beta cell function in participants with single or multiple islet autoantibodies at baseline in the TEDDY Family Prevention Study: TEFA.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to assess beta cell function based on an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in participants with single islet autoantibody or an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IvGTT) in participants with multiple islet autoantibodies.

Materials And Methods: Healthy participants in Sweden and Finland, between 2 and 49.99 years of age previously identified as positive for a single (n = 30) autoantibody to either insulin, glutamic acid decarboxylase, islet antigen-2, zinc transporter 8 or islet cell antibodies or multiple autoantibodies (n = 46), were included.