Combination of transbronchoscopic oxygen insufflation and a digital chest drainage system in endobronchial occlusion: a hybrid technique for localization of fistula in intractable pneumothorax.

Background: The management of intractable secondary pneumothorax poses a considerable challenge as it is often not indicated for surgery owing to the presence of underlying disease and poor general condition. While endobronchial occlusion has been employed as a non-surgical treatment for intractable secondary pneumothorax, its effectiveness is limited by the difficulty of locating the bronchus leading to the fistula using conventional techniques. This report details a case treated with endobronchial occlusion where the combined use of transbronchoscopic oxygen insufflation and a digital chest drainage system enabled location of the bronchus responsible for a prolonged air leak, leading to the successful treatment of intractable secondary pneumothorax.

Successful Removal of a Foreign Body Located in the Peripheral Airway Using Flexible Bronchoscopy with Virtual Bronchoscopy Navigation.

A case in which a foreign body located in the peripheral airway of the lung was removed by flexible bronchoscopy using a virtual bronchoscopy navigation (VBN) system has been reported. The patient was a 60-year-old man. Chest radiography revealed an incidental foreign body in the left lower lung.

Diagnostic Utility and Safety of Non-Intubated Cryobiopsy Technique Using a Novel Ultrathin Cryoprobe in Addition to Conventional Biopsy Techniques for Peripheral Pulmonary Lesions.

Background: Transbronchial cryobiopsy enables high-quality sample collection around the probe tip. Meanwhile, existing cryoprobes have less flexibility and a higher risk of bleeding. The ultrathin cryoprobe with a 1.

Diagnostic efficacy of cryobiopsy for peripheral pulmonary lesions: A propensity score analysis.

Objectives: Recently introduced cryobiopsy can provide quantitatively and qualitatively excellent specimens. However, few studies have directly compared the diagnostic yield of cryobiopsy for peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPLs) with that of conventional sampling methods.

Material And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data from consecutive patients who underwent diagnostic bronchoscopy using radial endobronchial ultrasound and virtual bronchoscopic navigation for PPLs (October 2015 to September 2020).

Highly Synergistic Sensor of Graphene Electrode Functionalized with Rutile TiO Microstructures to Detect L-Tryptophan Compound.

Electrochemical processes are an effective method for detecting dangerous food ingredients. The synergistic between the reduction-oxidation (redox) processes inspired several papers and spurred research towards studying the new materials that can further adapt to optimize the rapid detection of chemical compounds. In this study, we report the eco-synthesis using graphene/TiO rutile (G/TiO) electrode microstructures easily prepared through the physical method by mixing graphene and TiO powder and its application for sensing L-tryptophan (Trp) compound.

Safety profile and risk factors for bleeding in transbronchial cryobiopsy using a two-scope technique for peripheral pulmonary lesions.

Background: A balloon occlusion technique is suggested for use in cryobiopsy for interstitial lung diseases because of the bleeding risk. However, it may interfere with selection of the involved bronchus for peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPLs). A two-scope technique, in which two scopes are prepared and hemostasis is started using the second scope immediately after cryobiopsy, has also been reported.

Phase II Study of the Modified Weekly Nab-paclitaxel Regimen in Previously Treated Patients With Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Objectives: We conducted a clinical phase II study to evaluate the modified weekly nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-paclitaxel) regimen in pretreated patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Materials And Methods: This multicenter single-arm phase II study enrolled patients with advanced NSCLC who had previously received >1 chemotherapy regimen. Patients received nab-paclitaxel at 80 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, and 15 (21-d cycle).

Diagnostic Outcomes and Safety of Cryobiopsy Added to Conventional Sampling Methods: An Observational Study.

Background: Cryobiopsy enables specialists to perform high-quality, large, entirely circumferential biopsies; therefore, it may improve the diagnostic yield of peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPLs), as has been previously observed regarding endobronchial tumors and interstitial lung diseases.

Research Question: How do the diagnostic accuracy and safety change by cryobiopsy when performed alongside conventional biopsy for PPLs?

Study Design And Methods: Consecutive patients who underwent cryobiopsy in addition to conventional biopsies for PPL diagnosis at our institution between June 2017 and May 2018 were reviewed retrospectively. The target location was estimated and sampling was performed using conventional devices (ie, forceps, brush, aspiration needle), and cryobiopsy was performed at the same location.

Pleural staging using local anesthetic thoracoscopy in dry pleural dissemination and minimal pleural effusion.

Background: Dry pleural dissemination (DPD) and minimal (<10 mm thick) pleural effusion (PE) may be discovered intraoperatively as unexpected metastases. A definitive diagnostic procedure such as pleural biopsy is rarely attempted in such patients preoperatively. We retrospectively investigated the use and safety of local anesthetic thoracoscopy (LAT) as a pleural staging tool in the diagnosis of DPD and minimal PE.

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis caused by Aspergillus terreus diagnosed using virtual bronchoscopic navigation and endobronchial ultrasonography with guide sheath and successfully treated with liposomal amphotericin B.

Invasive aspergillosis is a significant cause of mortality in patients with hematological malignancy. Early diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) by bronchoscopy is recommended but is often difficult to perform because of small lesion size and bleeding risk due to thrombocytopenia. A 71-year-old woman had received initial induction therapy for acute myeloid leukemia.

Feasibility study of cryobiopsy for practical pathological diagnosis of primary lung cancer including immunohistochemical assessment.

Background: Precision medicine in non-small cell lung cancer requires attainment of a sufficient amount of high-quality tumor tissue. Transbronchial cryobiopsy has emerged as a new diagnostic method for non-neoplastic lung disease with a better potential to assess morphology compared with conventional methods. However, the influence of cryobiopsy on specimen quality, particularly detection of protein expression, is unknown.

The utility of transbronchial rebiopsy for peripheral pulmonary lesions in patients with advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Patients treated for non-squamous (non-Sq) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) often require repeat biopsies to determine the optimal subsequent treatment. However, the differences between rebiopsy and initial biopsy in terms of their diagnostic yields and their ability to test the molecular profiles using bronchoscopy with radial endobronchial ultrasound guidance in patients with advanced NSCLC remain unclear. Hence, we aimed to compare the diagnostic yields and ability for molecular analyses of rebiopsies with those of initial biopsies.

Efficacy and safety of ultrasound (US) guided percutaneous needle biopsy for peripheral lung or pleural lesion: comparison with computed tomography (CT) guided needle biopsy.

Background: Ultrasound (US)-guided percutaneous needle biopsy is a useful diagnostic technique with short examination time and real-time monitoring at the bedside. However, there are only a few studies that report on thoracic lesions, whereas the computed tomography (CT)-guided biopsy is well established. There is also limited data comparing US- and CT-guided biopsy.

Cryobiopsy during flex-rigid pleuroscopy: an emerging alternative biopsy method in malignant pleural mesothelioma. A comparative study of pathology.

Background: Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is rarely an asbestos-related cancer with a poor prognosis that is difficult to distinguish from some benign conditions by using conventional biopsy techniques. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of a novel biopsy technique using a cryoprobe during flex-rigid pleuroscopy for diagnosing MPM.

Methods: Consecutive patients who underwent pleural cryobiopsy during flex-rigid pleuroscopy from June through November 2017 to diagnose the cause of pleural effusion were collected.

Factors affecting bacterial culture positivity in specimens from bronchoscopy in patients with suspected lung cancer.

Background: Bronchoscopy is important to diagnose lung cancer. However, some patients who undergo bronchoscopic procedures develop respiratory tract infections. Little is known about the proportion of pathogen-positive results in bacterial cultures from diagnostic bronchoscopy samples in patients with suspected lung cancer.

Virtual fluoroscopy during transbronchial biopsy for locating ground-glass nodules not visible on X-ray fluoroscopy.

Background: Virtual fluoroscopy (VF) is a novel guided technique that provides ray summation images of target lesions similar to X-ray fluoroscopy. Endobronchial ultrasound with a guide sheath (EBUS-GS) is a useful modality for imaging ground-glass nodules (GGNs) but is not ideal for GGNs that cannot be detected on X-ray fluoroscopy. We evaluated whether the addition of VF to EBUS-GS improved the diagnostic yield.

Predictive factors for a successful diagnostic bronchoscopy of ground-glass nodules.

Introduction: Since the National Lung Screening Trial demonstrated the utility of low-dose computed tomography screening for lung cancer, the detection rate of ground-glass nodules (GGNs) has increased. Endobronchial ultrasound with a guide sheath (EBUS-GS) is widely performed to diagnose peripheral pulmonary lesions, but there are not enough reports on the predictive ability of EBUS-GS in diagnosing GGNs. The aim of this study is to investigate the predictive factors for a successful diagnostic bronchoscopy for GGNs.

Alectinib-Induced Erythema Multiforme and Successful Rechallenge with Alectinib in a Patient with Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase-Rearranged Lung Cancer.

Background: Alectinib is an oral drug developed for the treatment of patients with fusion gene encoding echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4-anaplastic lymphoma kinase ()-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, we present the case of a patient treated with alectinib who developed a hypersensitivity reaction with successful rechallenge treatment.

Case Presentation: A 39-year-old woman who was a passive smoker was referred to Osaka City University Hospital for the evaluation of a skin event caused by treatment for NSCLC with the fusion gene .

Utility of rapid on-site cytologic evaluation during endobronchial ultrasound with a guide sheath for peripheral pulmonary lesions.

Objective: The utility of rapid on-site evaluation during endobronchial ultrasound with a guide sheath for peripheral pulmonary lesions is unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of rapid on-site evaluation during endobronchial ultrasound with a guide sheath for peripheral pulmonary lesions.

Methods: Consecutive patients who underwent endobronchial ultrasound with a guide sheath for the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesions at our hospital between September 2012 and July 2014 were included in this retrospective study.

The Macroscopic Appearance of Computed Tomography-guided Needle Biopsy Specimens Correlates with Tumor Metastasis in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.

Background: Computed tomography (CT)-guided needle biopsy is a well-established and dependable procedure for the diagnosis of pulmonary lesions. Some tissue biopsy samples have loose cohesion and disintegrate into tiny pieces before formalin fixation. The purpose of this study was to assess the association between the fresh macroscopic appearance of samples obtained using CT-guided needle biopsy and the clinicopathological features of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).