Non-hyalinizing trabecular thyroid adenoma: a novel thyroid tumor with diagnostic pitfalls of hyalinizing trabecular adenoma and medullary thyroid carcinoma.

Background: Only one thyroid follicular cell-derived tumor with a purely trabecular growth pattern has previously been described. This report aims to describe the histological, immunohistochemical, and molecular findings of our second case, propose a novel thyroid tumor, and discuss its diagnostic pitfalls.

Case Presentation: A 68-year-old female presented with an encapsulated thyroid tumor composed of thin and long trabeculae.

Long-Term Outcomes of Active Surveillance and Immediate Surgery for Adult Patients with Low-Risk Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma: 30-Year Experience.

It has been 30 years since the initiation of active surveillance (AS) for adult patients with low-risk papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC). This study compared the long-term oncological outcomes of patients who underwent AS or immediate surgery (IS). This is a retrospective review of extended follow-up data from patients enrolled in a single-center, prospective observational study in Japan.

Subtyping of Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma into Adenocarcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Cytological Structural Features.

Introduction: This study aimed to clarify the diagnostic structural features in cytology specimens that are useful in subtyping non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) into adenocarcinoma (ADC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SQCC).

Methods: Cytology specimens (n = 233) of NSCLCs, which included ADCs (n = 149) and SQCCs (n = 84), were analyzed. The following cytological features were evaluated: isolated cell, flat sheet, three-dimensional cluster with irregular arrangement, papillary-like structure, micropapillary-like structure, acinar-like structure, palisading pattern, protrusion of nuclei at the periphery of the cluster, honeycomb pattern, streaming arrangement, three-dimensional sheets with regular arrangement, flattening at the periphery of the cluster, fuzzy pattern at the periphery of the cluster, and mutual inclusion.

Gauze blotting technique: a novel method to identify parathyroid glands during thyroid surgery without tissue damage.

Hypoparathyroidism is a major complication of thyroid surgery. To avoid this complication, visual identification of the parathyroid glands is essential. However, its effectiveness depends heavily on the surgeon's expertise.

Clinical outcomes of follicular tumor of uncertain malignant potential of the thyroid: real-world data.

Thyroid tumors arising from follicular cells can generally be divided into malignant and benign tumors. However, some cases are difficult to clearly diagnose whether they are benign or malignant. Therefore, in the most recent version of World Health Organization (WHO) classification, some borderline lesions such as follicular tumor of uncertain malignant potential (FT-UMP), well-differentiated tumor of uncertain malignant potential (WDT-UMP), and noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) were proposed.

Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma with Honeycomb-Like Growth: Clinicopathological Characteristics and Diagnostic Significance as a Novel Variant.

Introduction: We aimed to clarify the clinical and pathological characteristics of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) with unique honeycomb-like growth (HLG) and discuss its diagnostic significance.

Methods: Among the 12,745 PTCs that were resected and histologically diagnosed, 28 PTC cases with HLG components (0.2%) were included.

B-cell to T-cell ratio as a novel indicator in flow cytometry in the diagnosis of thyroid lymphoma.

Preoperative flow cytometry is recommended to prove the monoclonality and confirm the diagnosis of thyroid lymphoma. However, lymphoma cases without light chain restriction may also have monoclonality. The aim of our study was to identify a novel marker for thyroid lymphomas using aspirated materials for flow cytometry.

Clinical significance and cytological detection of tracheal puncture following thyroid fine-needle aspiration: A retrospective study.

Background: There have been no detailed reports on tracheal puncture after thyroid fine-needle aspiration (FNA). This study aimed to discuss the cytological differential diagnoses of tracheal puncture after thyroid FNA and clarify its clinical significance.

Methods: Tracheal puncture was defined as aspiration of tracheal components, including ciliated cells, chondrocytes, and goblet cells.

Evaluation of E-Cadherin and β-Catenin Immunoreactivity for Determining Undifferentiated Cells in Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma.

Introduction: An immunohistochemical study has occasionally been performed to diagnose anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC). However, antibodies to confirm the undifferentiated nature of ATC have not yet been evaluated. The aim of this study was to evaluate E-cadherin and β-catenin expressions in immunoreactivity to determine undifferentiated carcinoma cells in the diagnosis of ATC.

Evaluation of the diagnostic utility of the aminotransferase/lactate dehydrogenase ratio for the suspension of tissue specimens during thyroid surgery for the identification of parathyroid tissue.

Identification of the parathyroid glands during surgery is crucial for preventing postoperative hypoparathyroidism. Kikumori et al. reported that the aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) ratio for the saline suspension of a suspicious tissue can differentiate parathyroid tissue from other tissues.

Potential role of mobile rapid on-site evaluation in thyroid fine-needle aspiration cytology to reduce delayed repeated aspiration.

Rapid on-site evaluation of fine-needle aspiration cytology is time-consuming and requires specialized cytopathology staff. Mobile Rose is a newly developed device for rapid on-site evaluation of fine-needle aspiration cytology. This study aimed to investigate the potential role of Mobile Rose in reducing delayed repeated aspiration of the thyroid.

Histological alterations following fine-needle aspiration for parathyroid adenoma: Incidence and diagnostic problems.

This study aimed to clarify the histological alterations following fine-needle aspiration for parathyroid adenoma and discuss the occurrence of diagnostic problems. Among the 392 patients with parathyroid adenoma who underwent resection, fine-needle aspiration was performed for 21 (5.1%) parathyroid adenoma nodules.

The Japanese reporting system for thyroid aspiration cytology 2019 (JRSTAC2019).

We introduce the Japanese reporting system for thyroid aspiration cytology 2019 (JRSTAC2019) proposed by the Japan Association of Endocrine Surgery and the Japanese Society of Thyroid Pathology. Pathological classification and recommended clinical management for thyroid nodules in Japan are different from those described in the World Health Organization classification or the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC). Therefore, it was necessary to develop a reporting system adapted for Japan.

Fine-needle aspiration of parathyroid adenomas: Indications as a diagnostic approach.

Background: We aimed to determine the indication of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) for parathyroid adenoma (PA)-suspected nodules and the cytological features of PA, and to discuss the ancillary techniques for diagnostic confirmation.

Method: Clinical, cytological, and histological examinations of 15 PA patients (4.0% of all PA resected patients) were conducted through FNA on 16 nodules.

Prevalence and diagnostic significance of noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features among tumors previously diagnosed as follicular adenoma: a single-institutional study in Japan.

The incidence of noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is significantly lower in Asian countries than Western countries; however, the difference remains unexplained. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of NIFTP in tumors diagnosed as follicular adenoma (FA) in a Japanese institution and discuss the significance of NIFTP. In this study, 44 tumors were investigated, which were histologically diagnosed as FA at the Kuma Hospital in 2008.

Case report: exceptionally rapid growth character of hobnail variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma: a report of four cases.

The newest WHO classification adopts hobnail variant as an aggressive variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). We here report four cases (ages 70-76 years, all females) with hobnail variant PTC treated at Kuma Hospital. Their lesions were cytologically diagnosed as PTC before surgery, but not as hobnail variant.

Clinicopathological features of primary thyroid Burkitt's lymphoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Primary thyroid Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) is an extremely rare and highly aggressive form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; only isolated case reports are available for patients with this disease.

Methods: We analyzed the clinicopathological features of thyroid BL by conducting a meta-analysis of 21 known patients (including ours) and compared them to those of extrathyroidal BL.

Results: There were 13 men and 8 women with a median age of 39.

A rare case of BRAF V600E-mutated epithelioid glioblastoma with a sarcomatous component.

Epithelioid glioblastoma is a rare subtype of glioblastoma, but the coexistence of a sarcomatous component is even rarer. An 80-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with somnolence. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a cystic lesion with a solid component in the left temporal-parietal lobe.

Risk of malignancy and clinical outcomes of cyst fluid only nodules in the thyroid based on ultrasound and aspiration cytology.

Background: The number of extensive studies focusing on cyst fluid only (CFO) thyroid nodules is limited, and the risk of malignancy (ROM) in CFO nodules has not been well-established. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate CFO nodules using cytology and ultrasound. In addition, we sought to define the ROM and determine the recommended clinical management of CFO nodules.

Needle Tract Implantation Following Fine-Needle Aspiration of Thyroid Cancer.

Background: Needle tract implantation (NTI) can occur after thyroid fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). To date, no studies enrolling a large number of patients and studying the cumulative incidence (CI) of NTI have been published. This study analyzed the clinicopathological features of NTI and calculated the CI.

Flow cytometric, gene rearrangement, and karyotypic analyses of 110 cases of primary thyroid lymphoma: a single-institutional experience in Japan.

Ancillary studies for primary nodal lymphomas have been well documented; however, studies of primary thyroid lymphoma (PTL) are limited. Here, we aimed to clarify the clinicopathological, flow cytometric, gene rearrangement, and karyotypic characteristics of PTL by investigation of a large series at a single institute. We performed flow cytometric, IgH rearrangement, and karyotypic analyses of 110 PTL tissues surgically resected at Kuma Hospital between January 2012 and April 2017.

Diagnostic clues indicating tall cell variants of papillary thyroid carcinoma in fine needle aspiration.

Background: The definition of tall cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (TCV-PTC) depends on the articles, and the defined cytological findings characteristic of TCV-PTC have not yet been fully analyzed. This study aimed to establish the cytological characteristics of TCV-PTC.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the smears of 19 TCV-PTC and 50 conventional PTC (C-PTC) cases.

Optimal needle size for thyroid fine needle aspiration cytology.

Concerning the needle size for thyroid fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), 25-27-gauge needles are generally used in Western countries. However, in Japan, the use of larger needles (21-22-gauge needles) is common. The aim of our study was to determine the optimal needle size for thyroid FNAC.

Calcitonin measurement in fine-needle aspirate washout fluid by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay for thyroid tumors.

Purpose: For the differential diagnosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) on thyroid nodules, ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology is a useful and safe procedure, but its diagnostic accuracy is not high enough. As an ancillary method to accurately diagnose MTC, the calcitonin in fine-needle aspirate washout fluid (FNA-Ct) is used. However, no data are available about cut-off values of FNA-Ct using the currently available electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA).