The time-course augmentation of perivascular space enlargement in the basal ganglia among a community-dwelling elder population.

Purpose: We examined whether time-course augmentation of perivascular space enlargement in the basal ganglia (BG-PVS) reflected cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) severity by considering white matter hyperintensity lesion (WMHL) as an indicator for CSVD.

Materials And Methods: This study population included 416 older participants from a community-based cohort. They participated in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies more than once during the study period.

Evaluation of the extracranial "multifocal arcuate sign," a novel MRI finding for the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis, on STIR and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images.

Background: While early diagnosis of giant cell arteritis (GCA) based on clinical criteria and contrast-enhanced MRI findings can lead to early treatment and prevention of blindness and cerebrovascular accidents, previously reported diagnostic methods which utilize contrast-enhanced whole head images are cumbersome. Diagnostic delay is common as patients may not be aware of initial symptoms and their significance. To improve current diagnostic capabilities, new MRI-based diagnostic criteria need to be established.

A retrospective preliminary study of intrapancreatic late enhancement as a noteworthy imaging finding in the early stages of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Objective: To characterize intrapancreatic late enhancement (ILE) observed in the early stages of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC).

Methods: Among 203 patients pathologically diagnosed with PAC between October 2011 and February 2021, 32 patients with pre-diagnostic abdominal contrast-enhanced CT performed from 6 months to 5 years before the diagnosis were enrolled in this study. Indirect findings (IFs) on pre-diagnostic CT, including ILE, were evaluated and examined for various clinical data and time intervals to diagnosis (TIDs).

Changes in vascular supply pattern associated with growth of nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas.

Background: The vascular supply to nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) differs compared with that of the anterior lobe of the normal pituitary gland. In this study, we aimed to identify feeding arteries and flow dynamics using 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in NFPAs.

Relationship between Standard Uptake Values of Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography and Salivary Metabolites in Oral Cancer: A Pilot Study.

F-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) is usually used for staging or evaluation of treatment response rather than for cancer screening. However, F-FDG PET/CT has also been used in Japan for cancer screening in people with no cancer symptoms, and accumulating evidence supports this application of F-FDG PET/CT. Previously, we have observed a correlation between the saliva and tumor metabolomic profiles in patients with oral cancer.

Pancreatic perfusion imaging method that reduces radiation dose and maintains image quality by combining volumetric perfusion CT with multiphasic contrast enhanced-CT.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to propose and evaluate a new method of volumetric perfusion computed tomography (PCT) incorporated into pancreatic multiphasic contrast enhanced (CE)-CT in the clinical setting.

Methods: In this ethically approved study, PCT was incorporated into our existing scanning protocol in 17 patients and effective doses related to PCT were evaluated. CT values and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of anatomical structure were compared in diagnostic images that were acquired using 320-detector volumetric scan mode and 64-detector helical scan mode.

Clinical and image features: large-vessel vasculitis after granulocyte colony stimulating factor administration.

Background: Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is known to cause vasculitis, mainly in the small vessels. Several cases of large-vessel vasculitis (LVV) caused by G-CSF have recently been reported in the literature; we retrospectively suspect that some cases of LVV in our institution were associated with administration of G-CSF.

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical and radiological findings in our cases and to compare them with those in previous reports.

Facial nerve and chorda tympani schwannomas: Case series, and advantages of using non-rigid registration of post-enhanced 3D-T1 Turbo Field Echo and CT images (TURFECT) in their diagnosis and surgical treatment.

Objective: Facial nerve schwannomas (FNSs) and chorda tympani schwannomas are very rare. Diagnosis of these tumors is sometimes difficult, and treatment consensus has not yet been reached. We report here a series of cases of FNS and chorda tympani schwannoma and highlight the usefulness of our newly developed technique of non-rigid registration of post-enhanced 3D-T1 Turbo Field Echo and CT images (TURFECT) in their diagnosis and treatment.

Correlation between hypoxic area in primary brain tumors and WHO grade: differentiation from malignancy using 18F-fluoromisonidazole positron emission tomography.

Background 18F-fluoromisonidazole positron emission tomography (FMISO-PET) has been used for identification of hypoxic areas in tumors, and since hypoxia causes hypoxia-inducible factor-1 and enhancement of tumor growth, identifying the hypoxic area in the tumor tissue is important. Purpose To evaluate the usefulness of FMISO-PET in the grading of primary brain tumors. Material and Methods FMISO-PET was performed preoperatively on 41 consecutive patients with pathologically confirmed brain tumor.

Computed Tomographic Findings of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 Infection: An Analysis of a 7-Case Regional Outbreak.

Purpose: We experienced an outbreak of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) colitis. The purpose of this study was to reveal the computed tomographic (CT) findings on EHEC colitis.

Methods: The subjects were 7 patients with EHEC colitis, which was caused by eating a contaminated Japanese rice cake.

Reversible distension of the subarachnoid space around the optic nerves in a case of idiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis.

Idiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis (IHP) is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown cause. We report a case of IHP with bilateral distended subarachnoid space (SAS) of the optic nerves and unilateral visual disturbance. We observed marked amelioration of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings after initiation of treatment with prednisolone.