[Usefulness of Edoxaban for Deep Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis with Hemorrhagic Infarction:A Case Report].

We describe a case of deep cerebral venous sinus thrombosis(DCVST)that was successfully treated by oral administration of the Xa inhibitor edoxaban. A 53-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of a headache and undifferentiated dizziness. Computed tomography(CT)demonstrated a low-density area in the bilateral thalamus and high-density lesions in the internal cerebral veins(ICVs)and vein of Galen.

[A Girl with Intraorbital Varix: A Case Report].

We report a case of intraorbital varix. A 16-year-old girl showed sudden left-sided exophthalmos after vomiting. After several episodes of vomiting, she developed complete loss of vision in the left eye, followed by orbital pain, disruption of eye movement, and periorbital swelling.

[Contralateral suboccipital approach for clipping of an unruptured vertebral artery-posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysm].

Numerous approaches have been used to access aneurysms of the vertebral artery(VA)-posterior inferior cerebellar artery(PICA)complex for microsurgical clipping. Here, we report the case of a patient with an unruptured aneurysm of the left VA-PICA complex that was successfully treated using a contralateral suboccipital approach. Computed tomography angiography demonstrated a small saccular aneurysm arising from the lateral aspect of the left V4 segment just distal to the PICA origin.

[Evaluation of micturitional disturbance in spinal disorders: reproducibility of uroflowmetry].

Patients with spinal degenerative diseases suffer not only neuropathy in the extremities but also lower urinary tract dysfunction(LUTD). Patients with cauda equina syndrome generally need emergency decompression to pelvic visceral function, especially that of the urinary bladder. However, less prominent voiding symptoms can be missed in clinical settings.

[Study on the area of pain and numbness in cases with lumbosacral radiculopathy].

In the clinical diagnosis of lumbosacral radicular symptoms, dermatome maps are commonly used, by which the segmental location of the affected nerve can be determined. However, the diagnosis is often difficult because the pattern of sensory disturbance does not necessarily match the patterns of classical dermatomes, and there are many dermatome maps made by different methods. The author examined the area of pain and numbness in cases of lumbosacral radiculopathy.

Clinical outcomes and adverse events following transforaminal interbody fusion for lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis in elderly patients.

Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) procedure is widely used, but the surgical indications for TLIF in elderly patients remain controversial because of potential risks such as inferior bone quality and higher rate of postoperative complications. Clinical efficacy and operative risk of TLIF in elderly patients are unclear. This study investigated the clinical effect and safety of TLIF for lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis with radiculopathy or neurogenic claudication in patients aged 70 years or older.

Lumbar discal cyst with spontaneous regression and subsequent occurrence of lumbar disc herniation.

A 39-year-old man presented with an extremely rare discal cyst at the L3-4 level manifesting as a left L4 radiculopathy. Two months after onset, he suffered right L4 radiculopathy with new lumbar disc protrusion. Five months after medical treatment, the patient's symptoms improved, and the discal cyst showed complete regression on magnetic resonance imaging.

[Investigation of pseudolocalizing signs in the lumbar region: analysis of L5 monoradiculopathy due to upper lumbar compressive lesions].

Background And Purpose: Pseudolocalizing signs in lumbar spinal disease seems to be rarely encountered. To our knowledge, only six cases which caused L5 monoradiculopathy due to upper lumbar lesions have been described. We retrospectively reviewed patients with similar signs in our center, and we discussed the pathogenesis of such interesting neurological signs depending on our own and reported cases.

[Exacerbation of radiation induced meningioma due to hemorrhage after cerebral angiography: a case report].

We report the case of a 34-year-old woman who exhibited acute deterioration in her condition after cerebral angiography for evaluation of a large meningioma. She had undergone surgery and irradiation for a glioma in the right occipital lobe 23 years before this episode. She experienced incapacity at work.

Large hypothalamic hamartoma with calcification and cystic components in an adult--case report.

A 24-year-old female presented with an unusual case of hypothalamic hamartoma manifesting as seizure. Neuroimaging findings were atypical, showing the large tumor (maximum diameter, 50 mm) with a cystic component and calcification. Surgery was performed and histological examination demonstrated heterotopia.

Enhanced expression of NADPH oxidase Nox4 in human gliomas and its roles in cell proliferation and survival.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been attracting attention as mediators of various cell-signaling pathways. Nox-family NADPH oxidases have proven to be a major source of ROS production in various cell types and have crucial roles in various physiological and pathological processes. In this study, we show that Nox4, a member of Nox family, is prominently expressed in various neuroepithelial tumors by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemical studies.

Expression of VEGF and its receptor genes in intracranial schwannomas.

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is considered to be a major regulator of angiogenesis in various brain tumors. In this study, we determined the expression levels of VEGF, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-1 and -2 mRNA in 46 intracranial schwannomas by quantitative real-time PCR, and correlated these with various clinical factors or other molecular markers. We found that these tumors expressed significant amounts of VEGF mRNA in comparison with other brain tumors, including malignant gliomas and meningiomas.

Enhanced expression of DNA topoisomerase II genes in human medulloblastoma and its possible association with etoposide sensitivity.

Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant neuroepithelial tumor of childhood. The DNA topoisomerase II (Topo II) inhibitor etoposide has been widely used for the treatment of MBs; however, it remains unknown whether MB cells are more sensitive to etoposide than other malignant neuroepithelial tumor cells. In this study, we tested the chemosensitivities of malignant neuroepithelial tumors (26 glioblastomas, 9 anaplastic astrocytomas, and 5 MBs) to etoposide and vincristine using the succinate dehydrogenase inhibition test and found that MB cells are more sensitive to etoposide and more resistant to vincristine than other tumor cells.

Intradural, extramedullary spinal Ewing's sarcoma in childhood.

We describe an 11 year old girl with progressive paraparesis from a spinal tumour. Magnetic resonance imaging showed an intradural, extramedullary mass extending from the C7 level to T1. Neither osteolytic nor osteosclerotic changes were seen in the vertebral bodies.

[Frontal lobe hematoma associated with transcortical motor aphasia: case report].

An 81-year-old woman with left medial frontal lobe hematoma, which involved the supplementary motor area, is reported. She was right-handed and was initially mute for several hours after the onset. On admission, she exhibited mild paresis of the right lower extremity.