Catheter-related bloodstream infection in patients With severe anorexia nervosa.

Purpose: Anorexia nervosa (AN) may be treated with intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH) that may be associated with catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI).

Design And Methods: Retrospective chart review was conducted to compare those who developed CRBSI were compared with those who did not.

Findings: Of 34 patients, 17 episodes of AN treated with IVH were identified, of which five resulted in CRBSI.

Flumazenil for Successful Seizure Induction With Electroconvulsive Therapy: Case Report and Literature Review.

Objective: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is indicated for various psychiatric situations that are difficult to manage otherwise and may be regarded as a last resort but seizure induction is sometimes difficult, resulting in inadequate trials and futile outcomes.

Method: We report on a 72-year-old female patient with bipolar depression whose seizure induction with ECT was challenging but the use of flumazenil was deemed effective to obtain remission in the end. We also provide a literature review on this topic.

Electroconvulsive Therapy While Receiving OralAnticoagulation for Deep Venous Thrombosis:Report on Eight Cases and a Review of theLiterature.

Background: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is indicated for critical psychiatric conditions, which themselves constitute a risk for deep venous thrombosis (DVT) owing to prolonged immobility, dehydration, and venous stasis.

Objective: We describe challenging instances of ECT implementation while taking direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs).

Method: We report on 8 patients receiving DOACs for DVT who were successfully treated with ECT at the University of Yamanashi Hospital.

Plasma Amyloid-β and Alzheimer's Disease-Related Changes in Late-Life Depression.

To elucidate an involvement of amyloid dysmetabolism in the pathophysiology of depression, we investigated associations of plasma amyloid-β (Aβ) levels with Alzheimer's disease-related changes in neuroimaging and cognitive dysfunction in patients with late-life depression. Higher plasma Aβ40, but not Aβ42 nor Aβ40/Aβ42 ratio, was associated with higher degree of parahippocampal atrophy and lower verbal fluency performance. Indeed, high plasma Aβ40 predicted poor cognitive prognosis of depressed patients with mild cognitive impairment.

[Role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders].

The brain is particularly vulnerable to oxidative damage because of its high rate of oxygen consumption, abundant lipid content, and relative paucity of antioxidant enzymes compared with other organs. It has been well established that oxidative stress (OS) is involved in the pathogenesis of age-associated neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Indeed, a large number of genetic and environmental factors of neurodegenerative disorders are associated with OS.

Seizure threshold and the half-age method in bilateral electroconvulsive therapy in Japanese patients.

Aim: Seizure threshold (ST) in electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has not been reported previously in Japanese patients. We investigated ST in bilateral ECT in Japanese patients using the dose-titration method. The associations between demographic and clinical characteristics and ST were analyzed to identify the predictors of ST.

The earliest stage of cognitive impairment in transition from normal aging to Alzheimer disease is marked by prominent RNA oxidation in vulnerable neurons.

Although neuronal RNA oxidation is a prominent and established feature in age-associated neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer disease (AD), oxidative damage to neuronal RNA in aging and in the transitional stages from normal elderly to the onset of AD has not been fully examined. In this study, we used an in situ approachto identify an oxidized RNA nucleoside 8-hydroxyguanosine (8OHG) in the cerebral cortex of 65 individuals without dementia ranging in age from 0.3 to 86 years.

Intraneuronal amyloid beta accumulation and oxidative damage to nucleic acids in Alzheimer disease.

In an analysis of amyloid pathology in Alzheimer disease, we used an in situ approach to identify amyloid-beta (Abeta) accumulation and oxidative damage to nucleic acids in postmortem brain tissue of the hippocampal formation from subjects with Alzheimer disease. When carboxyl-terminal-specific antibodies directed against Abeta40 and Abeta42 were used for immunocytochemical analyses, Abeta42 was especially apparent within the neuronal cytoplasm, at sites not detected by the antibody specific to Abeta-oligomer. In comparison to the Abeta42-positive neurons, neurons bearing oxidative damage to nucleic acids were more widely distributed in the hippocampus.

[Other treatments for depressive patients].

Electroconvulsive therapy(ECT) is one of the most important methods in treating depressive patients especially who can not be improved with medication. Meta analysis shows that ECT is superior to pharmacotherapy as acute treatment for depression. ECT was invented in 1938, and it took some improvement afterwards such as development of modified ECT and introduction of brief-pulse stimulation for the purpose of reducing adverse effects.

Impairment of theory of mind in patients in remission following first episode of schizophrenia.

The aim of this study was to investigate theory of mind (ToM) ability in patients in remission after the first episode of schizophrenia. A ToM task which contained four pictures was given to 30 patients with schizophrenia in remission and 30 matched healthy controls. Patients with schizophrenia in remission showed statistically significant impairment in the ToM tasks.