Loss of Trefoil Factor 1 Accelerates the Immune Response to Colorectal Cancer.

Background/aim: Recent studies suggest that PD-L1 expression in immune cells, rather than tumor cells, plays a key role in tumor immunity. Trefoil factor family 1 (TFF1) is a secreted protein expressed mainly by the gastrointestinal epithelium and is related to the development of malignant disease. This study investigated the effects of TFF1 on tumor immunity in a xenograft mouse model of colorectal cancer (CRC).

TLK1 Inhibition Enhances the Anticancer Effect of Deep UV Irradiation Through CHK1 Activation.

Background/aim: A deep ultraviolet (DUV) light-emitting diode (LED) is a device that can irradiate electromagnetic waves from 250 nm to 350 nm. Tousled-like kinase 1 (TLK1) encodes a nuclear serine/threonine kinase, which is thought to influence the effects of DUV irradiation in cancer. The aim of this study was to clarify the interaction of TLK1 with DUV irradiation-induced DNA damage in cancer cells.

Trefoil factor 1 suppresses stemness and enhances chemosensitivity of pancreatic cancer.

Background And Aims: Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies, partly due to resistance to conventional chemotherapy. The chemoresistance of malignant tumors is associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the stemness of cancer cells. The aim of this study is to investigate the availability and functional mechanisms of trefoil factor family 1 (TFF1), a tumor-suppressive protein in pancreatic carcinogenesis, to treat pancreatic cancer.

Cyclodextrin Conjugated α-Bisabolol Suppresses FAK Phosphorylation and Induces Apoptosis in Pancreatic Cancer.

Background/aim: α-Bisabolol is an essential oil component extracted from plants, such as chamomile. We have previously reported that α-bisabolol suppressed proliferation, invasion, and motility of pancreas cancer. Cyclodextrin improved the solubility of α-bisabolol, therefore it enabled to administer intravenously.

Antitumor Effects of Deep Ultraviolet Irradiation for Pancreatic Cancer.

Background/aim: Deep ultraviolet (DUV) light spans within the 250 nm to 350 nm invisible wavelength range. Although it strongly damages various cells, the efficacy of DUV irradiation on pancreatic cancer cells has never been clarified. The purpose of this study was to reveal the antitumor effects of DUV irradiation on pancreatic cancer cells.

Impact of combined resection of the internal iliac artery on loss of volume of the gluteus muscles after pelvic exenteration.

Purpose: To clarify the influence of additional internal iliac artery (IIA) resection on the loss of the gluteus muscle volume after pelvic exenteration (PE).

Methods: The subjects of this retrospective analysis were 78 patients who underwent PE with or without IIA resection (n = 44 and n = 34, respectively) between 2006 and 2018. The areas of gluteal muscles (GMs) and psoas muscles (PSMs) were calculated using CT images before and 6 months after PE, and the difference was compared.

Minimum radial margin in pelvic exenteration for locally advanced or recurrent rectal cancer.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to clarify the suitable radial margin (RM) for favourable outcomes after pelvic exenteration (PE), focusing on the discrepancy between the concepts of circumferential resection margin (CRM) and traditional R status.

Methods: Seventy-three patients with locally advanced (LARC, n = 24) or locally recurrent rectal cancer (LRRC, n = 49) who underwent PE between 2006 and 2018 were retrospectively analysed. Patients were histologically classified into the following 3 groups; wide RM (≥1 mm, n = 45), narrow RM (0-1 mm, n = 10), and exposed RM (n = 18).

Trefoil factor 1 inhibits the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma from Barrett's epithelium.

Trefoil factor family 1 (TFF1) is one of three members of the trefoil factor family that are abundantly expressed in the gastrointestinal mucosal epithelium. Recent studies have shown that TFF1 acts as a tumor suppressor in gastric, pancreatic and hepatocellular carcinogenesis; however, little is known about its function in esophageal carcinogenesis, especially in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Barrett's epithelium is the metaplastic columnar epithelium of the esophagus and a known premalignant lesion of EAC.

Stoma creation is associated with a low incidence of midline incisional hernia after colorectal surgery: the "fighting over the fascia" theory concerning the incision and stoma hole.

Purpose: Parastomal hernia (PH) develops more frequently than incisional hernia (IH) after colorectal surgery with stoma. This study evaluated our hypothesis that inward traction of the fascia when closing a midline incision widens the stoma hole and increases the incidence of PH.

Methods: A total of 795 patients who underwent colorectal resection between 2006 and 2016 were retrospectively analyzed.

Trefoil factor family 2 inhibits cholangiocarcinogenesis by regulating the PTEN pathway in mice.

Trefoil factor family 2 (TFF2) is one of three trefoil factor family proteins and is expressed abundantly in the gastrointestinal epithelium. Recent studies have shown that TFF2 acts as a tumor suppressor in gastric and pancreatic carcinogenesis; however, little is known about its function in cholangiocarcinogenesis. To investigate the function of TFF2 in cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCC), immunohistochemistry of surgically resected human CCC samples was performed.

Premalignant pancreatic cells seed stealth metastasis in distant organs in mice.

Recent findings suggest that the dissemination of tumor cells occurs at the early stage of breast and pancreatic carcinogenesis, which is known as early dissemination. The evidence of early dissemination has been demonstrated predominantly in the bloodstream and bone marrow; however, limited evidence has revealed the existence and behavior of disseminated cells in distant organs. Here, we show that premalignant pancreatic cells seed distant stealth metastasis that eventually develops into manifest metastasis.

A presurgical prognostic stratification based on nutritional assessment and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 in pancreatic carcinoma: An approach with nonanatomic biomarkers.

Background: Nutritional status and tumor markers are important prognostic indicators for surgical decisions in pancreatic carcinoma. This study aimed to stratify the probability of surviving pancreatic carcinoma based on systematically chosen nonanatomic biomarkers.

Methods: We included 187 consecutive patients that underwent surgical resections for pancreatic carcinoma.

Trefoil Factor Family 1 Inhibits the Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Regulating β-Catenin Activation.

Background And Aims: Recent studies have suggested that trefoil factor family 1 (TFF1) functions as a tumor suppressor in gastric and pancreatic carcinogenesis.

Approach And Results: To investigate the role of TFF1 in hepatocarcinogenesis, we performed immunohistochemical staining of surgically resected human liver samples, transfected a TFF1 expression vector into hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines, and employed a mouse model of spontaneous HCC development (albumin-cyclization recombination/Lox-Stop-Lox sequence-Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog [KC]); the model mouse strain was bred with a TFF1-knockout mouse strain to generate a TFF1-deficient HCC mouse model (KC/TFF1 ). TFF1 expression was found in some human samples with HCC.

NEK2 Is an Effective Target for Cancer Therapy With Potential to Induce Regression of Multiple Human Malignancies.

Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation due to the aberrant activity of various proteins. Cell cycle-related proteins are thought to be important in several functions, such as proliferation, invasion and drug resistance in human malignancies. Never in mitosis gene A-related kinase 2 (NEK2) is a cell cycle-related protein.

Loss of trefoil factor 1 inhibits biliary regeneration but accelerates the hepatic differentiation of progenitor cells in mice.

Although the regeneration of the adult liver depends on hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs), many uncertainties regarding hepatic regeneration in the injured liver remain. Trefoil factor family 1 (TFF1), a secretory protein predominantly expressed in the gastrointestinal tract, is responsible for mucosal restitution. Here, we investigated the role of TFF1 in liver regeneration using a mouse model of hepatic injury (choline-deficient ethionine-supplemented diet and carbon tetrachloride administration) and genetically engineered mice (TFF1 knockout (TFF1-/-)).

Trefoil factor 1 inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasm.

The tumor-suppressive role of trefoil factor family (TFF) members in gastric carcinogenesis has been suggested, but their significance and mechanisms in other digestive diseases remain elusive. To clarify the role of TFF1 in pancreatic carcinogenesis, we performed IHC on human samples, transfected siRNA against TFF1 into pancreatic cancer cell lines, and employed mouse models in which PanIN development and loss of TFF1 occur simultaneously. In human samples, the expression of TFF1 was specifically observed in pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasm (PanIN), but was frequently lost in the invasive component of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

Pre-exposure to Fluorouracil Increased Trifluridine Incorporation and Enhanced its Anti-tumor Effect for Colorectal Cancer.

Background/aim: Trifluridine/tipiracil (FTD/TPI) is used for metastatic colorectal cancer, that is refractory to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based therapies. However, the impact of pre-exposure to 5-FU on the anti-cancer effect of FTD, which is a key component of FTD/TPI, is unclear.

Materials And Methods: The incorporation into DNA and anti-cancer activity of FTD were analyzed in several cancer cell lines under response to FTD treatment with or without 5-FU pre-exposure.

Inhibition of Toll-like receptor 4 ameliorates experimental postischemic injury in the cholestatic liver through inhibition of high-mobility group box protein b1 (HMGB1) signaling.

Background: The objective of this study was to elucidate whether the inhibition of Toll-like receptor 4 attenuates liver injury ischemia/reperfusion in the cholestatic liver.

Method: Rats were assigned into sham, bile duct ligation, sham ischemia/reperfusion (ischemia/reperfusion after laparotomy), and bile duct ligation ischemia/reperfusion (ischemia/reperfusion after bile duct ligation) groups. In some rats, TAK-242, an inhibitor of Toll-like receptor 4, was administered 15 minutes before ischemia/reperfusion.

Trefoil factor family 1 expression in the invasion front is a poor prognostic factor associated with lymph node metastasis in pancreatic cancer.

Objectives: Trefoil Factor Family protein 1 (TFF1) is secreted from mucus-producing cells. The relationship between TFF1 expression and clinical outcome in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains unknown. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of TFF1 expression in PDAC.

Cells of origin of pancreatic neoplasms.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal malignant disease associated with poor prognosis, despite recent medical advances. It is of great importance to understand the initial events and cells of origin of pancreatic cancer to prevent the development and progression of PDAC. There are three distinct precursor lesions that develop into PDAC: pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasms (PanINs), intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs), and mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCNs).

The Anticancer Effects of Novel α-Bisabolol Derivatives Against Pancreatic Cancer.

Pancreatic cancer is highly malignant, characterized by aggressive proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. α-Bisabolol is an oily sesquiterpene alcohol derived from a variety of plants. We previously demonstrated that α-bisabolol is a potential therapeutic agent for pancreatic cancer.

Novel therapy for pancreatic fistula using adipose-derived stem cell sheets treated with mannose.

Background: Given that no studies have reported the use of adipose-derived stem cell sheets for the prevention of pancreatic fistulas, it is unclear whether adipose-derived stem cell sheets are effective at preventing this complication. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of novel therapy for the prevention of pancreatic fistulas using adipose-derived stem cell sheets treated with mannose.

Methods: The rat pancreatic duct (splenic duct) and surrounding pancreatic parenchyma were transected to induce a pancreatic fistula.

TRIP13 is expressed in colorectal cancer and promotes cancer cell invasion.

Thyroid hormone receptor interactor 13 (TRIP13) is a member of the ATPases associated with various cellular activities family of proteins and is highly conserved in a wide range of species. Recent studies have demonstrated that TRIP13 is critical for the inactivation of the spindle assembly checkpoint and is associated with the progression of certain cancers. In the present study, the role of TRIP13 in colorectal cancer (CRC) was examined.