Publications by authors named "Toshimi Takano"

Background: Neoadjuvant pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy and adjuvant pembrolizumab have been established as the optimal systemic therapies for patients with early stage triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC); however, their efficacy and feasibility in the Japanese population remain unexplored.

Methods: This study included patients with early stage TNBC or low estrogen receptor (ER) positivity (1-9%) with human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2- (HER2-) negative breast cancer who received neoadjuvant pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy from October 2022 at Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research. Information regarding clinicopathological features, systemic therapy, treatment outcomes, and adverse events of patients who underwent surgery by February 2024 was retrospectively collected.

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  • Perioperative FEC therapy is a common treatment for breast cancer, but over 20% of patients experience febrile neutropenia (FN), which pegfilgrastim is often used to prevent.
  • A study on pegfilgrastim's long-term safety found no significant differences in blood cell counts or long-term effects after one year of use.
  • Pegfilgrastim administration significantly reduced the incidence of FN (6.5% with pegfilgrastim vs. 22.8% without), indicating it can be safely used for one year in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.
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Metastasis is a complex process that remains poorly understood at the molecular levels. We profiled single-cell transcriptomic, genomic, and epigenomic changes associated with cancer cell progression, chemotherapy resistance, and metastasis from a Stage IV breast cancer patient. Pretreatment- and posttreatment-specimens from the primary tumor and distant metastases were collected for single-cell RNA sequencing and subsequent cell clustering, copy number variation (CNV) estimation, transcriptomic factor estimation, and pseudotime analyses.

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Objective: This research aimed to establish the inaugural evidence-based cancer survivorship guidelines for Japan, with a particular focus on exercise and physical activity, in order to enhance health outcomes for cancer survivors.

Methods: A panel of experts, including oncologists, physicians, exercise scientists, epidemiologists and patient advocates, utilized a modified Delphi process and systematic reviews to establish consensus on exercise recommendations for cancer survivors. The panel focused on setting the objectives of the Clinical Practice Guidelines and addressing crucial clinical issues in Japan.

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In the phase 3 KEYNOTE-355 study (NCT02819518), pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy demonstrated statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvements in progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) versus placebo plus chemotherapy among patients with previously untreated locally recurrent inoperable or metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) combined positive score (CPS) ≥ 10 tumors. We analyzed outcomes for the subgroup of patients enrolled in Asia in KEYNOTE-355. Patients received pembrolizumab 200 mg or placebo (2:1 randomization) every 3 weeks for 35 cycles plus investigator's choice chemotherapy.

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  • A study investigated the costs and survival outcomes associated with pegfilgrastim prophylaxis for febrile neutropenia (FN) in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy in Japan.
  • The pegfilgrastim group had higher median total medical costs compared to the non-pegfilgrastim group but did not show a significant difference in FN hospitalization costs.
  • Despite increased costs, there was no significant difference in 3-year overall survival rates between the two groups, suggesting pegfilgrastim should be used selectively based on individual FN risk factors rather than routinely.
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Background: Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS), a hereditary condition attributed to TP53 pathogenic variants,(PV), is associated with high risks for various malignant tumors, including breast cancer. Notably, individuals harboring TP53 PVs are more likely (67-83%) to develop HER2 + breast cancer than noncarriers (16-25%). In this retrospective study, we evaluated the associations between TP53 variants and breast cancer phenotype.

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  • Patients with early-stage triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) face a high risk of recurrence after treatment, even when receiving pembrolizumab alongside chemotherapy.
  • Sacituzumab govitecan, which combines an antibody-drug conjugate with a topoisomerase I inhibitor, shows significant improvement in progression-free survival and overall survival for pre-treated metastatic TNBC compared to traditional chemotherapy.
  • The international phase III AFT-65/ASCENT-05/OptimICE-RD trial aims to assess the effectiveness and safety of sacituzumab govitecan combined with pembrolizumab versus physician's choice treatment for early-stage TNBC patients who have residual disease post-neoadjuvant therapy, and is currently recruiting participants
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Background: Multidrug chemotherapy for Ewing sarcoma can lead to severe myelosuppression. We proposed two clinical questions (CQ): CQ #1, "Does primary prophylaxis with G-CSF benefit chemotherapy for Ewing sarcoma?" and CQ #2, "Does G-CSF-based intensified chemotherapy improve Ewing sarcoma treatment outcomes?".

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Ichushi web databases, including English and Japanese articles published from 1990 to 2019.

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Introduction: Chemotherapy for breast cancer can cause neutropenia, increasing the risk of febrile neutropenia (FN) and serious infections. The use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factors (G-CSF) as primary prophylaxis has been explored to mitigate these risks. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of primary G-CSF prophylaxis in patients with invasive breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy.

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  • G-CSF is a supportive treatment used to prevent severe complications from chemotherapy in patients with non-round cell soft tissue sarcomas (NRC-STS), with two key clinical questions raised about its effectiveness.
  • A literature review found a limited number of studies that addressed these questions, resulting in only a few articles being included for analysis.
  • The conclusion suggests that there is insufficient scientific evidence to confirm the benefits of G-CSF prophylaxis in improving treatment outcomes for NRC-STS, indicating the need for further research.
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Purpose: The randomized phase 2 Neo-peaks study examined usefulness of neoadjuvant trastuzumab emtansine + pertuzumab (T-DM1 + P) following docetaxel + carboplatin + trastuzumab + pertuzumab (TCbHP) as compared with the standard TCbHP regimen. We previously reported that pCR rate after neoadjuvant therapy tended to be higher with TCbHP followed by T-DM1 + P. We conducted an exploratory analysis of prognosis 5 years after surgery.

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  • Relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has poor outcomes, and the impact of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) combined with chemotherapy is still debated.
  • A systematic literature review and meta-analysis were conducted, assessing 11 studies, which suggested that G-CSF priming did not significantly improve response rates or overall survival for AML patients, although there was a slight trend towards lower relapse rates.
  • Certain groups, particularly those with intermediate cytogenetic risk and those receiving high-dose cytarabine, showed prolonged overall survival with G-CSF priming, indicating the need for further research to find the most suitable patients for this treatment approach.*
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Background: In DESTINY-Breast02, patients with HER2-positive unresectable or metastatic breast cancer who received trastuzumab deruxtecan demonstrated superior progression-free and overall survival compared with those receiving treatment of physician's choice. We present the patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and hospitalisation data.

Methods: In this randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial conducted at 227 clinical sites globally, enrolled patients had to be aged 18 years or older with HER2-positive unresectable or metastatic breast cancer that had progressed on trastuzumab emtansine and had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 or 1.

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Background: Febrile neutropenia represents a critical oncologic emergency, and its management is pivotal in cancer therapy. In several guidelines, the use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in patients with chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia is not routinely recommended except in high-risk cases. The Japan Society of Clinical Oncology has updated its clinical practice guidelines for the use of G-CSF, incorporating a systematic review to address this clinical question.

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  • Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is used to prevent febrile neutropenia (FN) in cancer patients, with two types available in Japan: long-lasting PEG G-CSF and short-term non-PEG G-CSF.
  • A systematic review of studies found that PEG G-CSF significantly reduces the incidence of FN compared to non-PEG G-CSF, based on a thorough analysis of 23 articles.
  • The study concludes that a single dose of PEG G-CSF is preferred for primary prevention of FN, as it shows stronger evidence compared to multiple doses of non-PEG G-CSF.
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  • Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is used to reduce the risk of neutropenia and infections during cancer chemotherapy, but its effectiveness for digestive system tumors is still uncertain.
  • A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of G-CSF as primary prophylaxis and its impact on the intensity of chemotherapy for various digestive system tumors.
  • The findings indicated that while G-CSF's use in colorectal cancer chemotherapy is inappropriate, there wasn't enough data to make strong recommendations for other types of digestive cancers.
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  • The review examines the optimal timing for administering prophylactic pegylated granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) during cancer chemotherapy, focusing mainly on Day 2 versus Days 3-5.
  • Out of 300 studies initially reviewed, only four met the criteria, suggesting a potential increase in febrile neutropenia when G-CSF is given on Days 3-5 compared to Day 2, but no significant differences in overall survival or infection-related mortality were found.
  • The findings indicate weak recommendations for both timing options and emphasize the need for more research to make clearer guidelines for pegylated G-CSF administration.
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Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) decreases the incidence, duration, and severity of febrile neutropenia (FN); however, dose reduction or withdrawal is often preferred in the management of adverse events in the treatment of urothelial cancer. It is also important to maintain therapeutic intensity in order to control disease progression and thereby relieve symptoms, such as hematuria, infection, bleeding, and pain, as well as to prolong the survival. In this clinical question, we compared treatment with primary prophylactic administration of G-CSF to maintain therapeutic intensity with conventional standard therapy without G-CSF and examined the benefits and risks as major outcomes.

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The Japanese Breast Cancer Society Clinical Practice Guidelines are published as timely guidance on clinical issues in breast cancer treatment in Japan. In the recent edition of these guidelines, we addressed a new clinical question 34 (CQ 34, systemic treatment part) "Is trastuzumab deruxtecan recommended for patients with unresectable or metastatic HER2-low breast cancer?" and a new future research question 7 (FRQ 7, pathological diagnosis part) "How is HER2-low breast cancer diagnosed for the indication of trastuzumab deruxtecan?". These questions address use of trastuzumab deruxtecan in patients with unresectable or metastatic HER2-low breast cancer who have previously received chemotherapy for metastatic disease.

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Background: Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is commonly administered to cancer patients undergoing myelosuppressive chemotherapy, especially when incidence rate of febrile neutropenia (FN) surpasses 20%. While primary prophylaxis with G-CSF has been proven effective in preventing FN in patients with cancer, there is limited evidence regarding its efficacy in specifically, lung cancer. Our systematic review focused on the efficacy of G-CSF primary prophylaxis in lung cancer.

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