Endoscopic spinal cord untethering using a 1 cm skin incision technique in pediatrics: a technical case report.

Background: Spinal cord untethering by sectioning the filum terminale is commonly performed in tethered cord syndrome patients with minor abnormalities such as filar lipoma, thickened filum terminale, and low conus medullaris. Our endoscopic surgical technique, using the interlaminar approach, allows for sectioning the filum terminale through a very small skin incision. To our knowledge, this procedure has not been previously reported.

Surgical aspects using an exoscope for corpus callosotomy: initial experience for epilepsy surgery.

The exoscope is a new form of optic device that has begun to be used in the last decade. The exoscope provides high-quality magnification and illumination at depth, allowing easy manipulation of surgical instruments even in narrow surgical fields. Exoscopic corpus callosotomy (CC) has not been reported.

Successful Hemispherotomy in a Patient with Encephalopathy with Continuous Spikes and Waves during Sleep Related to Neonatal Thalamic Hemorrhage: A Case Report with Intracranial Electroencephalogram Findings.

Neonatal thalamic hemorrhage is a strong risk factor for developing encephalopathy with continuous spikes and waves during sleep (ECSWS), even when not accompanied by widespread cortical destruction. The efficacy and indication of resective epilepsy surgery in such patients has not yet been reported. A 4-year-old boy was diagnosed with ECSWS based on strong epileptiform activation during sleep and neurocognitive deterioration.

Postoperative Pneumocephalus on Computed Tomography Might Predict Post-Corpus Callosotomy Chemical Meningitis.

Background: A corpus callosotomy (CC) is a procedure in which the corpus callosum, the largest collection of commissural fibers in the brain, is disconnected to treat epileptic seizures. The occurrence of chemical meningitis has been reported in association with this procedure. We hypothesized that intraventricular pneumocephalus after CC surgery represents a risk factor for postoperative chemical meningitis.

Epilepsy in patients with focal cortical dysplasia may be associated with autism spectrum disorder.

Introduction: Patients with epilepsy associated with focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) may be associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare surgically treated patients with epilepsy secondary to FCD and normal volunteers without epilepsy and to review the neuropathological findings of patients with FCD.

Methods: This study involved 38 patients with medically intractable focal onset epileptic seizures who underwent epilepsy surgery (Group 1).

Freedom From Seizures Might Be Key to Continuing Occupation After Epilepsy Surgery.

We hypothesized that epilepsy surgery for adult patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) who obtained freedom from seizures could provide opportunities for these patients to continue their occupation, and investigated continuity of occupation to test this postulation. Data were obtained from patients who had undergone resective surgery for medically intractable TLE between October 2009 and April 2019 in our hospital. Inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) ≥16 years old at surgery; (2) post-operative follow-up ≥12 months; (3) seizure-free period ≥12 months.

Case Report: Late-Onset Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: An Interplay Between Pre-existing Cortical Development Abnormality and Tissue Damage.

Epileptogenicity following brain insult depends on various factors including severity of the resulting lesion and extent of brain damage. We report a 54-year-old female patient who developed medically refractory epilepsy resulting from the interplay of pre-existing and post-insult pathologies. She presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) due to a ruptured aneurysm and underwent clipping surgery.

Ruptured hidden intracranial aneurysm during mechanical thrombectomy: A case report.

Background: Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients have a higher prevalence of cerebral aneurysm than a healthy reference population. However, it was recently reported that cases of an unknown hidden aneurysm in AIS patients with large-vessel occlusion are rare. We report a rare case of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) during mechanical thrombectomy (MT) using a stent retriever for AIS.

Mechanical Thrombectomy for Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion in a Patient with POEMS Syndrome.

Objective: To report a case of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion in a patient with polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal gammopathy, and skin changes (POEMS) syndrome, a rare systemic disease associated with plasma cell proliferation.

Case Presentation: A 52-year-old woman was taking steroids due to autoimmune hepatitis. She was diagnosed with acute cerebral infarction due to left ICA occlusion.

Higher intelligence may be a risk factor for postoperative transient disturbance of consciousness after corpus callosotomy.

Introduction: Corpus callosotomy (CC) is an established surgical option for palliative treatment of medically intractable epilepsy, especially for seizures with drop attacks. We postulated that specific risk factors for post-CC transient disturbance of consciousness (pCTDC) are associated with CC. The purpose of this study was to review patients with intractable epilepsy who underwent CC and to statistically analyze risk factors for pCTDC.

Postoperative persistent fever may be a risk factor for hydrocephalus in hemispherical disconnection surgery.

Introduction: Hemispherical disconnection surgery such as hemispherotomy or posterior quadrant disconnection (PQD) surgery sometimes induces hydrocephalus. We postulated that some risk factors for postoperative hydrocephalus can be managed perioperatively. The purpose of this study was to clarify and statistically analyze perioperative risk factors for postoperative progressive hydrocephalus.

Morphological Change of Cerebral Aneurysm with Possible Pseudoaneurysm at A2/3 of the Anterior Cerebral Artery on Three-dimensional Computed Tomographic Angiography.

Intracranial pseudoaneurysm formation due to a ruptured nontraumatic aneurysm is rare. We describe a case of ruptured aneurysm, which showed morphological change on radiological examinations. An 83-year-old woman developed subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) with ventricular rupture and intracerebral hematoma in the corpus callosum.

Preliminary Clinical Microneurosurgical Experience With the 4K3-Dimensional Microvideoscope (ORBEYE) System for Microneurological Surgery: Observation Study.

Background: The exoscope has been reported as a novel neurosurgical instrumentation in clinical practice.

Objective: To investigate the possibility that ORBEYE (OE), a novel instrument that excludes eyepiece lenses and allows for microsurgery by observation of the 4K3D monitor, could replace microscopes.

Methods: We report 22 clinical cases by 5 experienced neurosurgeons and the comparative results of training 10 residents.

[A Case of Meralgia Paresthetica Treated with Neurolysis].

A 60-year-old woman presented with a 1-year history of pain and numbness in the left anterolateral thigh. The symptoms aggravated on walking and standing. Her visual analogue scale(VAS)score was 7.

The Serum Phosphorylated Neurofilament Heavy Subunit as a Predictive Marker for Outcome in Adult Patients after Traumatic Brain Injury.

The serum phosphorylated neurofilament heavy subunit (pNF-H) is a nervous system-specific protein that is released from damaged neural tissue after traumatic brain injury (TBI). The aim of this study was to elucidate the usefulness of serum pNF-H as a predictive marker for the outcome of patients after TBI. Patients with TBI (Glasgow Coma Scale score of 13 or less on admission) were included.

Atlantoaxial intraspinal juxtafacet cyst.

A 69-year-old man presented with progressive paralysis of the right arm and leg with a past history of metastatic rectal cancer. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a cystic mass lesion posterior to the odontoid process. Under a preoperative diagnosis of intradural extramedullary tumor, partial transcondylectomy and C1 hemilaminectomy were performed, and the cyst was removed through a transdural approach, decompressing the medulla oblongata and the cervical spinal cord.