In Vivo Dynamic Movement of Polymerized Amyloid β in the Perivascular Space of the Cerebral Cortex in Mice.

Disposition of amyloid β (Aβ) into the perivascular space of the cerebral cortex has been recently suggested as a major source of its clearance, and its disturbance may be involved in the pathogenesis of cerebral amyloid angiopathy and Alzheimer's disease. Here, we explored the in vivo dynamics of Aβ in the perivascular space of anesthetized mice. Live images were obtained with two-photon microscopy through a closed cranial window.

Multiple Cerebral Infarctions Accompanied by Subcortical and Subarachnoid Hemorrhaging in Bilateral Border Zone Areas in a Patient with Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis.

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is often associated with peripheral neuropathy, but reports of central nervous system involvement are quite rare. We herein report a patient with EGPA first identified as having hypereosinophilia who later developed asthma, eosinophilic otitis media, sinusitis, and hemorrhagic colitis. She subsequently developed hemiparesis.

Liver injury after methylprednisolone pulse therapy in multiple sclerosis is usually due to idiosyncratic drug-induced toxicity rather than autoimmune hepatitis.

Background: In patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), development of hepatic injury has been sporadically reported after methylprednisolone (MP) pulse therapy. Some studies suggest autoimmune hepatitis, while other studies reported direct hepatotoxicity as a cause for hepatic injury. Here, we studied the pathological mechanism of such liver injury in patients with MS.

Paradoxical Brain Embolism Caused by Isolated Pulmonary Arteriovenous Fistula Successfully Treated with Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator.

Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula (PAVF), a vessel malformation connecting the pulmonary circulation to the systemic circulation while bypassing the pulmonary capillaries, can cause paradoxical cerebral infarction. It is often associated with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), a genetic disease characterized by multiple dermal, mucosal, and visceral telangiectasia causing recurrent bleeding. Paradoxical cerebral embolism caused by PAVF without HHT is rare.

Amyloid deposition and CBF patterns predict conversion of mild cognitive impairment to dementia.

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) can include the transition from a normal state to dementia. To explore biomarkers for the development of dementia, we performed an 18-month follow-up study in 28 patients with amnestic MCI. Amyloid deposition was examined using PiB PET, and cerebral blood flow (CBF) was examined using SPECT.