Genomic landscape of circulating tumour DNA in metastatic extramammary Paget's disease.

Although cancer personalized profiling by deep sequencing (CAPP-Seq) of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has gained attention, the clinical utility of circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) in extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) has not been investigated. In this study, genomic alterations in the cfDNA and tumour tissue DNA were investigated in seven patients with metastatic EMPD. CAPP-Seq revealed mutations in 18 genes, 11 of which have not yet been reported in EMPD.

Existence of Staphylococcus aureus correlates with the progression of extramammary Paget's disease: potential involvement of interleukin-17 and M2-like macrophage polarization.

Background: The microbiome plays an important role in the tumour microenvironment (TME).

Objectives: In this study, we investigated the clinical significance of the microbiota in extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD).

Materials & Methods: Patients with EMPD, treated between March 2007 and September 2019 at Kumamoto University Hospital, were investigated retrospectively.

Brain abscess in an angiosarcoma patient during a disease-free interval.

This is the first case of an angiosarcoma patient with brain abscess, and it might be responsible for skin defect and cranial bone necrosis by surgical excision and radiation. Our patient was treated with 10 courses of triweekly paclitaxel therapy, radical radiotherapy (70 Gy), and surgical excision (2 cm margin apart from a lesion) for angiosarcoma. At two years after the operation he was diagnosed as brain abscess.

A potential significance of circ_0024169 down regulation in angiosarcoma tissue.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are recently characterized non-coding RNAs that have a closed continuous loop. CircRNAs might play important roles in the oncogenesis of several cancers. However, little is known about association between circRNAs and skin tumors.

Overexpression of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 protein in extramammary Paget's disease.

Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) plays an important role in cell cycle progression, and the CDK4/6-cyclin D1 complex controls the cell cycle transition from G phase to S phase. CDK4 is enhanced in several types of cancers and CDK4/6 inhibitors attenuate the proliferation of several types of cancer in vitro/in vivo. The purpose of our study was to investigate the expression pattern of CDK4 and evaluate its clinical importance in extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD).

First Aid for Skin Tears by Mini Patch Grafting from the Flap Edge.

Background: Traumatic skin tears often occur in patients with dystrophic skin. Closing them with adhesive skin closures is useful for patients with a healthy flap, but occasionally fails to cover the entire defect. We describe a simple technique to perform mini patch grafting on the remaining raw surface without damaging healthy skin.

Chronic sun exposure-related fusion oncogenes EGFR-PPARGC1A in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) differs from SCC of other organs in its strong association with chronic sun exposure. However, the specific driver mutations in cSCC remain unknown. Fusion genes in established cSCC cell lines (A431 and DJM-1) were predicted by transcriptome sequence, and validated by Sanger sequence, fluorescence in situ hybridization and G-banding.

The role of miR-210, E2F3 and ephrin A3 in angiosarcoma cell proliferation.

Background: Although angiosarcoma exhibits aggressive progression and is associated with unfavourable prognosis, its pathogenesis is poorly understood.

Objectives: In the present study, we investigated the possibility that microRNAs play a role in the pathogenesis of angiosarcoma.

Materials & Methods: microRNA expression was evaluated by array analysis and real-time PCR, and protein expression was determined by immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting.

Intratumor dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase mRNA expression levels are decreased in extramammary Paget's disease.

S-1, a 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based anti-cancer agent, is an important drug for treating metastatic extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD). Although intratumor expression levels of 5-FU metabolism enzymes have been studied widely in many solid tumors, no studies have examined on the expression levels of thymidylate synthase (TS), orotate phosphoribosyl-transferase (OPRT) or dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) in skin cancers. The aim of this study was to estimate the intratumoral mRNA expression levels of these genes in EMPD by real time PCR.

The expression of miR-124 increases in aged skin to cause cell senescence and it decreases in squamous cell carcinoma.

Skin senescence is induced by various factors including intrinsic aging and extrinsic aging. The current study compared the expression of microRNAs in young facial skin and senescent facial skin, and this study identified skin aging-related microRNAs. According to the results from a microRNA PCR Array, miR-124 was the microRNA that increased the most in senescent skin compared to young skin.

Cytokine expression profiles in the sera of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma patients.

We focused on the interaction of cytokines in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and determined the expression profile of multiple cytokines in the serum of each patient with SCC in the present study. Serum samples were obtained from 12 SCC patients and 7 normal subjects. Four cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-6, GM-CSF, and TGF-β) were selected because they are reported to be involved in keratinocyte proliferation and SCC progression.

Down-regulation of microRNA-196a in the sera and involved skin of localized scleroderma patients.

Background: Localized scleroderma (LSc) exhibits fibrosis of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. LSc shows an excessive deposition of type 1 collagen.

Objectives: To elucidate the mechanism of type 1 collagen overexpression in LSc, we investigated the epigenetics, focusing on microRNA (miRNA).

Evaluation of sentinel node biopsy for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.

Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is a standard care for cutaneous melanoma but its role in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) has not been established. Clinical data was obtained from 54 patients with SCC who received SLNB with the usage of blue dye and radioisotope colloid methods. The positive rate of SLNB in SCC was 7.

Case of Paecilomyces lilacinus infection occurring in necrotizing fasciitis-associated skin ulcers on the face and surrounding a tracheotomy stoma.

A 28-year-old man undergoing treatment for hemophagocytic syndrome developed Paecilomyces lilacinus infection in skin ulcers on the face and in the tracheotomy stoma. While his bone marrow was suppressed by chemotherapy with dexamethasone, cyclosporin and etoposide for hemophagocytic syndrome, dental infection led to subacute necrotizing fasciitis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa on the right side of the face, resulting in a large area of soft tissue defects. Etoposide was discontinued, and prophylactic treatment with itraconazole was initiated.

miR-205 down-regulation promotes proliferation of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans tumor cells by regulating LRP-1 and ERK phosphorylation.

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is an intermediate malignancy of the skin. Although COL1A1/PDGFB fusion gene was identified in the tumor cells recently, not all of the cases were positive for the fusion gene, and further researches are still needed to clarify the pathogenesis of DFSP. In this study, we investigated the role of microRNAs in the tumor.

Hair miR-29a levels are decreased in patients with scleroderma.

In the present study, we evaluated the possibility that we can utilize hair shaft miR-29a levels as disease marker of scleroderma. Hair samples were obtained from 20 scleroderma patients, five dermatomyositis patients and 13 controls. microRNAs were purified from hairs as well as skins or sera, and miR-29a levels were measured with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13 is controlled by IL-13 via PI3K/Akt3 and PKC-δ in normal human dermal fibroblasts.

IL-13, a T helper type 2 cytokine, is reported to be increased in the tissue of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). In addition, chronic lichenified plaques in AD show thickened epidermis and dermis. We hypothesized that IL-13 is involved in tissue remodeling by altering the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).

Up-regulated type I collagen expression by the inhibition of Rac1 signaling pathway in human dermal fibroblasts.

Tissue remodeling is known to play important roles in wound healing. Although Rac1 is reported to be one of the key signaling molecules in cutaneous wound healing process, the exact mechanisms of Rac1-mediated tissue remodeling is still unknown. This study investigated the role of Rac1 in the regulation of extracellular matrix in cultured human dermal fibroblasts obtained by skin biopsy from three healthy donors.