Pediatric Neurogenic Pulmonary Edema After Brain Tumor Removal Complicated with Severe Myocardial Injury: A Case Report.

BACKGROUND Neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE) is a rare complication of neurological insults, such as traumatic brain injury and intracranial hemorrhage, in children. NPE frequently accompanies left ventricular (LV) dysfunction mediated via central catecholamine surge and inflammation. A high serum natriuretic (BNP) level was prolonged even after the LV contraction was improved in this case with severe myocardial injury.

Efficacy of high-frequency spinal cord stimulation for fibromyalgia syndrome in two cases: case reports.

Background: Reports on the effectiveness of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) for the alleviation of fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) pain are scarce. We report two cases of effective high-frequency SCS at 1000 Hz against upper- and lower-limb pain in patients with FMS.

Case Presentation: Two women with widespread pain were diagnosed with FMS and the pain gradually worsened.

Incidence and characteristics of early elevation of cardiac troponin I after intrathoracic surgery: A single-center retrospective observational study.

The early elevation of cardiac troponins within 24 hours after noncardiac surgery is reportedly associated with increased postoperative morbidities. Several predisposing factors, including the frequent occurrence of hypoxia and increased pulmonary arterial pressure, may likely contribute to this elevation, especially after intrathoracic surgery. Therefore, this retrospective study aimed to elucidate the incidence and characteristics of the early elevation of cardiac troponin I after intrathoracic surgery.

Anti-inflammatory effects of dopamine on microglia and a D1 receptor agonist ameliorates neuroinflammation of the brain in a rat delirium model.

Microglia play a central role in neuroinflammatory processes by releasing proinflammatory mediators. This process is tightly regulated along with neuronal activities, and neurotransmitters may link neuronal activities to the microglia. In this study, we showed that primary cultured rat microglia express the dopamine (DA) D1 receptor (D1R) and D4R, but not D2R, D3R, or D5R.

Hemodynamic deterioration due to increased anterior and posterior cardiac compression during posterior spinal fusion for scoliosis with pectus excavatum.

Hemodynamics may deteriorate during the perioperative period when performing posterior spinal fusion in patients with pectus excavatum and scoliosis. A 13-year-old teenager diagnosed with Marfan syndrome had thoracic scoliosis and pectus excavatum. Thoracic scoliosis was convex to the right, and a right ventricular inflow tract stenosis was observed due to compression induced by the depressed sternum.

Enhanced recovery from fulminant myocarditis by treatment with the combined use of the Impella left ventricular assist device with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a case series.

Background: We experienced two adult cases of fulminant myocarditis with severe cardiogenic shock where Impella left ventricular assist device [left ventricle (LV)-Impella] was concomitantly used with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-A ECMO).

Case Presentation: A 67-year-old man and a 49-year-old man with fulminant myocarditis were transferred to our hospital with mechanical support of V-A ECMO and IABP. Impella 5.

Perioperative management of emergent cesarean section in a patient with peripartum cardiomyopathy and orthopnea: a case report.

Perioperative management of pregnant women with heart failure is difficult. Management of anesthesia in pregnant women is especially difficult because all of the currently available choices present challenges. We report a patient with peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) who required an emergent cesarean section and discuss the possible tactics for managing anesthesia.

Treatment and prognosis of patients with both cancer and impaired decision-patient with both cancer and dementia making as a symptom of dementia.

Aim: In our aging society, the number of patients with both cancer and dementia has recently been increasing. One of the major clinical questions is whether patients with dementia could receive appropriate cancer treatment. The purpose of this study is to know the prognosis of patients with both cancer and impaired decision-making as a symptom of dementia, and to discuss the proper cancer treatment of the patients with dementia.

Independent Predicting Factors for Subcutaneous Emphysema Associated with Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy: A Retrospective Single-Center Study.

Objectives: Subcutaneous emphysema (SCE) is a complication associated with laparoscopic surgery. Severe SCE complicated by excessive hypercarbia may afford detrimental effects in surgical patients with cardiac dysfunction. Robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALP) has several predisposing factors that contribute to SCE.

Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy Induced by Very Low-Dose Epinephrine Contained in Local Anesthetics: A Case Report.

BACKGROUND Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is a reversible left ventricular dysfunction triggered by emotional or physical stress. Perioperatively, takotsubo cardiomyopathy is sometimes induced by various psychological factors, such as stress from surgery, and non-psychological factors, such as epinephrine misinjection. This report describes a case of takotsubo cardiomyopathy induced by the administration of very low-dose epinephrine contained in a local anesthetic.

Disseminated intravascular coagulation as a complication of bursitis: angiogenesis and repetitive bleeding as potential factors for disseminated intravascular coagulation: a case report.

Background: Malignant tumors, such as acute leukemia and solid cancers, frequently cause disseminated intravascular coagulation. However, cases of disseminated intravascular coagulation as a complication of bursitis were not reported previously.

Case Presentation: A 72-year-old Japanese woman was scheduled to undergo resection of a rapidly growing subcutaneous tumor-like lesion on her left back.

Microglia and Macrophages in the Pathological Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems.

Microglia, the immunocompetent cells in the central nervous system (CNS), have long been studied as pathologically deteriorating players in various CNS diseases. However, microglia exert ameliorating neuroprotective effects, which prompted us to reconsider their roles in CNS and peripheral nervous system (PNS) pathophysiology. Moreover, recent findings showed that microglia play critical roles even in the healthy CNS.

T cell-specific deletion of Pgam1 reveals a critical role for glycolysis in T cell responses.

Although the important roles of glycolysis in T cells have been demonstrated, the regulatory mechanism of glycolysis in activated T cells has not been fully elucidated. Furthermore, the influences of glycolytic failure on the T cell-dependent immune response in vivo remain unclear. We therefore assessed the role of glycolysis in the T cell-dependent immune response using T cell-specific Pgam1-deficient mice.

A case report of thrombotic complete obstruction of the ascending aorta as a complication of Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support: steps to prevent thrombosis.

Background: Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) is an essential device in the field of emergency and intensive-care medicine. However, long-term use of VA-ECMO has various severe complications, including thrombosis.

Case Presentation: A 60-year-old man underwent his third aortic root replacement using a homograft because of infectious endocarditis.

A novel MRGPRX2-targeting antagonistic DNA aptamer inhibits histamine release and prevents mast cell-mediated anaphylaxis.

Anaphylaxis during general anaesthesia is a significant clinical challenge for anaesthesiologists. Approximately 50% of perioperative anaphylaxis cases lack the presence of specific IgE antibodies. Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2) in humans and its mouse orthologue Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor B2 (Mrgprb2) are crucial receptors in non-IgE-dependent histamine release.

Chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve in rats causes different activation modes of microglia between the anterior and posterior horns of the spinal cord.

Chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve is frequently considered as a cause of chronic neuropathic pain. Marked activation of microglia in the posterior horn (PH) has been well established with regard to this pain. However, microglial activation in the anterior horn (AH) is also strongly induced in this process.

B lymphocytopenia and Bregs in a not-to-die murine sepsis model.

Sepsis is a leading cause of mortality in intensive care units due to multi-organ failure caused by dysregulated immune reactions. In this study, kinetic changes in the immune system were analyzed for 72 h in cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced septic mice while preventing animal death by keeping body temperature. Increase of myeloid cells and decrease of B cells in circulation at 6 h after CLP were markedly observed.

Aggravating effects of treadmill exercises during the early-onset period in a rat traumatic brain injury model: When should rehabilitation exercises be initiated?

Physical exercise is one of the best interventions for improving traumatic brain injury (TBI) outcomes. However, an argument has been raised regarding the timing at which physical exercise should be initiated. In this study, male Wistar rats were subjected to stab wounding of the right hemisphere to develop a TBI model and were forced to walk once on a treadmill at a 5-m/min pace at 24 h or 48 h after TBI for 10 min.

Adverse events associated with continuous interscalene block administered using the catheter-over-needle method: a retrospective analysis.

Background: Continuous interscalene block is widely used for pain management in shoulder surgery. However, continuous interscalene block performed using the catheter-through-needle method is reportedly associated with adverse events such as pericatheter leakage of the local anesthetic, phrenic nerve paralysis, and hoarseness. Because we expected that the catheter-over-needle method would reduce these adverse events, we examined cases in which continuous interscalene block was performed using the catheter-over-needle method to determine what adverse events occurred and when.

Prediction of the service life of surgical instruments from the surgical instrument management system log using radio frequency identification.

Background: Bar code- or radio frequency identification (RFID)-based medical instrument management systems have gradually been introduced in the field of surgical medicine for the individual management and identification of instruments. We hypothesized that individual management of instruments using RFID tags can provide previously unavailable information, particularly the precise service life of an instrument. Such information can be used to prevent medical accidents caused by surgical instrument failure.