Improved prognosis of de novo metastatic prostate cancer after an introduction of life-prolonging agents for castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Background: In Japan, since 2014, new treatments such as androgen receptor signaling inhibitors and cabazitaxel have become applicable for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), leading to dramatic changes in treatment options.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the impact of recent advancements in treatment options on the overall survival (OS) of patients diagnosed with de novo metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC) in Japan.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 2450 Japanese men diagnosed with de novo mCSPC between 2008 and 2018.

Efficacy of fracture stem in reverse shoulder arthroplasty for 3- or 4-part proximal humerus fractures.

Background: This study compared the clinical results of fracture stems and conventional stems using the same glenoid component in reverse shoulder arthroplasty for proximal humerus fractures in the elderly.

Methods: This retrospective study included 35 patients who underwent Grammont-type reverse shoulder arthroplasty for proximal humerus fractures from 2014 to 2020. The average age at surgery was 79.

Impact of adherence to criteria on oncological outcomes of radical prostatectomy in patients opting for active surveillance: data from the PRIAS-JAPAN study.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate whether oncological outcomes of radical prostatectomy differ depending on adherence to the criteria in patients who opt for active surveillance.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data of 1035 patients enrolled in a prospective cohort of the PRIAS-JAPAN study. After applying the exclusion criteria, 136 of 162 patients were analyzed.

Radiotherapy plus androgen deprivation therapy for prostate-specific antigen persistence in lymph node-positive prostate cancer.

The treatment for lymph node involvement (LNI) after radical prostatectomy (RP) has not been established. This study aimed to reveal the outcomes of various management strategies among patients with LNI after RP. Retrospectively, 561 patients with LNI after pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) with RP treated between 2006 and 2019 at 33 institutions participating in the Japanese Urological Oncology Group were investigated.

Efficacy of combined androgen blockade therapy in patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer stratified by tumor burden.

Objective: To determine the effect of combined androgen blockade with a first-generation anti-androgen on the prognoses of metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer patients stratified by tumor burden.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the cases of metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer patients who were treated with androgen deprivation therapy in 2008-2017 at 30 institutions in Japan. To compare the overall survival and progression-free survival rates of the patients treated with castration monotherapy and combined androgen blockade, we carried out a Cox proportional hazards regression analysis using both inverse probability of treatment weighting and instrumental variables methods.

Significance of PSA Screening in Niigata, Japan: Survey of Actual Status of New Cases of Prostate Cancer.

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the utility of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening by conducting an all-case survey of newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients at Niigata Prefecture, Japan.

Patients And Methods: Depending on whether patients were subjected to screening, information was prospectively collected on all prostate cancer patients newly diagnosed between October 1, 2019, and September 30, 2020, at all institutions in Niigata Prefecture where urologists performing prostate biopsy routinely work and differences in clinical parameters were investigated.

Results: PSA was measured in 478 out of 1332 patients (35.

Genome-wide association study of individual sugar content in fruit of Japanese pear (Pyrus spp.).

Background: Understanding mechanisms of sugar accumulation and composition is essential to determining fruit quality and maintaining a desirable balance of sugars in plant storage organs. The major sugars in mature Rosaceae fruits are sucrose, fructose, glucose, and sorbitol. Among these, sucrose and fructose have high sweetness, whereas glucose and sorbitol have low sweetness.

Development of an SSR marker set for efficient selection for resistance to black spot disease in pear breeding.

Black spot disease, which is caused by (Fries) Keissler Japanese pear pathotype, is one of the most harmful diseases in Japanese pear cultivation. Because of the potential harm of fungicides to consumers and the environment, resistant cultivars are desired. In this study, to enable efficient marker-assisted selection in pear breeding, we conducted comprehensive inoculation tests and genotyping with 207 pear cultivars.

Reclassification prediction of first-year protocol biopsy on active surveillance of prostate cancer by p2PSA-related parameters: from PRIAS-JAPAN.

Background: There is no useful predictive marker for reclassification on active surveillance. Thus, we aimed to investigate thresholds of [-2] proPSA (p2PSA)-related parameters to predict reclassification of the first-year protocol biopsy (1-year PBx) and evaluate the influence of clinical decision-making.

Methods: This was an observational, prospective cohort study conducted at 19 Japanese institutes.

Novel metastatic burden-stratified risk model in de novo metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer.

The metastatic burden is a critical factor for decision-making in the treatment of metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (HSPC). This study aimed to develop and validate a novel risk model for survival in patients with de novo low- and high-burden metastatic HSPC. The retrospective observational study included men with de novo metastatic prostate cancer who were treated with primary androgen-deprivation therapy at 30 institutions across Japan between 2008 and 2017.

Impact of health-related quality of life on repeat protocol biopsy compliance on active surveillance for favorable prostate cancer: results from a prospective cohort in the PRIAS-JAPAN study.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate how health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is related to repeat protocol biopsy compliance.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis using data from a prospective cohort in the Prostate Cancer Research International: Active Surveillance (PRIAS)-JAPAN study between January 2010 and August 2019. We used the Short Form 8 Health Survey (SF-8), as patient-reported outcomes, to assess HRQOL at AS enrollment and the first year of the protocol.

Genetic structure analysis of cultivated and wild chestnut populations reveals gene flow from cultivars to natural stands.

Japanese chestnut (Castanea crenata Sieb. et Zucc.), the only fruit tree species domesticated in Japan, has been cultivated alongside natural stands since prehistorical times.

Differential prognostic factors in low- and high-burden de novo metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer patients.

Metastatic burden is a critical factor for therapy decision-making in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. The present study aimed to identify prognostic factors in men with high- or low-metastatic burden treated with primary androgen-deprivation therapy. The study included 2450 men with de novo metastatic prostate cancer who were treated with primary androgen-deprivation therapy at 30 institutions across Japan between 2008 and 2017.

Genetic evidence that Chinese chestnut cultivars in Japan are derived from two divergent genetic structures that originated in China.

The Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima Bl.) was introduced into Japan about 100 years ago. Since then, a number of Chinese chestnut cultivars and Japanese-Chinese hybrid cultivars have been selected by farmers and plant breeders, but little information has been available about their origins and genetic relationships.

Achieving PSA < 0.2 ng/ml before Radiation Therapy Is a Strong Predictor of Treatment Success in Patients with High-Risk Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer.

Background: To predict long-term treatment outcome of radiation therapy (RT) plus androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for high-risk locally advanced prostate cancer.

Methods: In total, 204 patients with the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) high risk locally advanced prostate cancer (PSA > 20 ng/ml, Gleason score ≧ 8, clinical T stage ≧ 3a) were treated with definitive RT with ADT. Median follow up period was 113 months (IQR: 95-128).

Correction to: Future projection of cancer patients with cardiovascular disease in Japan by the year 2039: a pilot study.

n the original publication, in a title of Table 2.

Future projection of cancer patients with cardiovascular disease in Japan by the year 2039: a pilot study.

Background: The number of cancer patients in Japan is estimated to rise to 3.5 million by 2025. The disease burden may be further complicated by comorbidities caused by cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Genome-wide association study and genomic prediction using parental and breeding populations of Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai).

Breeding of fruit trees is hindered by their large size and long juvenile period. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) and genomic selection (GS) are promising methods for circumventing this hindrance, but preparing new large datasets for these methods may not always be practical. Here, we evaluated the potential of breeding populations evaluated routinely in breeding programs for GWAS and GS.

[SMALL CELL PROSTATE CANCER PRODUCING SYNDROME OF INAPPROPRIATE SECRETION OF ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE; A CASE REPORT].

A 73-year-old man with progressive prostate cancer visited our hospital after prostate biopsy performed at another hospital. His serum PSA level was 29.02 ng/ml.