High Levels of Dietary Lard or Sucrose May Aggravate Lysosomal Renal Injury in Non-Obese, Streptozotocin-Injected CD-1 Mice Provided Isocaloric Diets.

Daily fat and sugar intake has increased in Japan, while total energy intake has decreased. However, the number of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients has increased, and this often causes renal injury characterized by autophagic vacuoles. Although many studies with comparisons of high fat or sugar versus a normal macronutrient balanced diet have been reported, there are few studies that equalized calorie intake and body weights.

Effect of a Moderate Carbohydrate-Restricted Diet on DPP-4 Inhibitor Action among Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A 6-Month Intervention Study.

To decrease body weight and insulin resistance, a calorie-restricted diet-with minimal caloric intake required for daily activities-is the primary treatment strategy for patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Japan. However, many patients cannot continue with this diet for long, because calorie restriction is difficult and nutritional balance is hard to understand. Carbohydrate-restricted diets are easier for patients than conventional calorie-restricted diet.

Characteristics of bone strength and metabolism in type 2 diabetic model Tsumura, Suzuki, Obese Diabetes mice.

Objective: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and complications such as obesity and osteoporosis. The Tsumura, Suzuki, Obese Diabetes (TSOD) mouse is an animal model of spontaneous obese T2DM. However, bone metabolism in TSOD mice is yet to be investigated.

Characteristics of Bone Strength and Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetic Model Nagoya Shibata Yasuda Mice.

We evaluated the suitability of Nagoya Shibata Yasuda (NSY) mice as an animal model for examining the influence of a glucose metabolism disorder on bone integrity, using Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice as controls. We selected six NSY and ICR mice each that were matched for weight, and measured serum glucose levels, serum insulin levels, and conducted an oral glucose tolerance test. Histological sections of the femurs of both mouse lines were prepared, and the bone strength, mass, and microstructure of the femur were compared, along with bone metabolism.

Does a Treadmill Running Exercise Contribute to Preventing Deterioration of Bone Mineral Density and Bone Quality of the Femur in KK-Ay Mice, a Type 2 Diabetic Animal Model?

Although it has been recently shown that type 2 diabetics have an increased risk of hip fracture, the effects of exercise therapy to prevent this have not been clarified. We examined whether a treadmill running exercise contributes to the bone mineral density (BMD) and bone microarchitecture of the femur and what kind of exercise intensity and duration are optimum in type 2 diabetes mellitus using KK-Ay diabetic mice. The mice were divided into two running groups, one fast speed and short duration (FS), the other slow speed and long duration (SL), and a group of controls with no running (CO).

Management of Diabetes and Its Complications with Banaba (Lagerstroemia speciosa L.) and Corosolic Acid.

Banaba (Lagerstroemia speciosa L.) extracts have been used for many years in folk medicine to treat diabetes, with the first published research study being reported in 1940. This paper summarizes the current literature regarding Banaba and its constituents.

Characteristics of diabetic osteopenia in KK-Ay diabetic mice.

We examined the bone mineral density (BMD) of the proximal region and the mid-diaphysis of the femur using dual energy X-ray absorption (DXA), the blood osteocalcin level and the blood glucose level every five weeks from 8 to 23 weeks old in KK-Ay diabetic mice. The BMD of the proximal region after 18 weeks old was significantly lower when compared with that at 8 weeks old (p<0.05), whereas there was no significant difference in the BMD of the mid-diaphysis at each week.

Effect of corosolic acid on dietary hypercholesterolemia and hepatic steatosis in KK-Ay diabetic mice.

Corosolic acid (CA), contained in the leaves of the banaba plant (Lagerstroemia speciosa L.), is a pentacyclic triterpene, and has hypoglycemic effects. The effects of CA on dietary hypercholesterolemia and hepatic steatosis were assessed in KK-Ay mice, an animal model of type 2 diabetes.

Tumoricidal effects of beta-glucans: mechanisms include both antioxidant activity plus enhanced systemic and topical immunity.

A study to evaluate the mechanisms of tumoricidal activity resulting from orally administered extract of Agaricus blazei Murill (A. blazei) was performed in mice bearing syngeneic and xenogeneic tumors. Tumor regression was comparably seen in both syngeneic and xenogeneic tumor-bearing mice when administered oral extract preparations.

Effect of corosolic acid on the hydrolysis of disaccharides.

The banaba leaf (Lagerstroemia speciosa L.) has been used in traditional Oriental medicine to treat diabetes in the Philippines. It contains corosolic acid (CA), a compound which has a hypoglycemic effect.

Dietary corosolic acid ameliorates obesity and hepatic steatosis in KK-Ay mice.

Corosolic acid (CRA), a constituent of Banaba leaves, has been reported to exert anti-hypertension, anti-hyperinsulinemia, anti-hyperglycemia, and anti-hyperlipidemia effects as well as to induce anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of CRA on the development of obesity and hepatic steatosis in KK-Ay mice, a genetically obese mouse model. Six-week-old KK-Ay mice were fed a high fat diet for 9 weeks with or without 0.

Effects of K. lysolecithin on blood levels of monoamines in mice.

In this research, Lysolecithin - a substance made with 100% natural ingredients - was given to ICR mice as medication to measure its periodic effect on the noradrenalin (NA), dopamine (DA), and serotonin (5-HT) levels of the brain. Both ICR and SAM mice were separated into two groups - control group and Lysolecithin (K. Lysolecithin: hydrolytic lysolecithin) medicated group, and given 1-week preparation period.

Neuropathological alteration of aquaporin 1 immunoreactive enteric neurons in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Long-term diabetic patients exhibit major clinical gastrointestinal problems, such as diarrhea and constipation. In recent years, water channel protein, aquaporin 1 (AQP1) has been identified in the enteric nervous system (ENS). We have examined the pathological changes in AQP1 immunoreactive (IR) neurons in streptozotocin-induced (STZ) diabetic rats.

Evaluating tactile sensitivity adaptation by measuring the differential threshold of archers.

This study investigated the relationship between the force applied to a finger and the differential threshold of the force. Further, it presented an improvement function for tactile perception in archers by adapting to circumstances in which enhanced tactile perception and finger dexterity are required to practice archery on a daily basis. For this purpose, a tactile display using an air jet was developed.

Antidiabetic effects of corosolic acid in KK-Ay diabetic mice.

The antidiabetic effects of corosolic acid (CA) were investigated in KK-Ay mice, an animal model of type 2 diabetes. CA (2 mg/kg body weight) reduced the blood glucose levels of KK-Ay mice 4 h after a single oral dose. CA (2 mg/kg) reduced the blood glucose levels in KK-Ay mice 2 weeks after a single oral dose and also significantly lowered plasma insulin levels were in KK-Ay mice under similar conditions.

Antidiabetic effect of Nitobegiku, the herb Tithonia diversifolia, in KK-Ay diabetic mice.

Nitobegiku (the herb of Tithonia diversifolia (HEMSL) A. GRAY) has been used as a medicinal plant for diabetes. The antidiabetic effect of an 80% ethanol extract of Nitobegiku (Td) was investigated in KK-Ay-mice, an animal model of type 2 diabetes.

Corosolic acid induces GLUT4 translocation in genetically type 2 diabetic mice.

The effect of corosolic acid (CA) on blood glucose was studied in KK-Ay mice, an animal model of type 2 diabetes. CA (10 mg/kg) reduced the blood glucose (p<0.05) of KK-Ay mice 4 h after single oral administration when compared with the control group.

Suppressive activity of the fruit of Momordica charantia with exercise on blood glucose in type 2 diabetic mice.

The antidiabetic activity of Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae) with exercise was investigated in KK-Ay mice, an animal model with type 2 diabetes with hyperinsulinemia. The water extract of the fruit of Momordica charantia L.

Antidiabetic activity of Lyophyllum decastes in genetically type 2 diabetic mice.

The antidiabetic activity of Lyophyllum decastes (Tricholomataceae) was investigated in KK-Ay mice, an animal model of genetically type 2 diabetes with hyperinsulinemia. The water extract of Lyophyllum decastes (LD) (500 mg/kg body weight) reduced the blood glucose of KK-Ay mice 7 h after a single oral administration (p<0.05) when compared with control.

Antidiabetic effect of nitobegiku in KK-Ay diabetic mice.

In the past, nitobegiku (the herb of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl) A. Gray) has been used as a medicinal plant for diabetes. Antidiabetic effect of the water extract of Nitobegiku (NG) was investigated in KK-Ay-mice--one of the animal models of type 2 diabetes.