Top-down and bottom-up attention cause the ventriloquism effect with distinct electroencephalography modulations.

The ventriloquism effect is a critical phenomenon for understanding the underlying mechanisms of multisensory integration. Cross-modal spatial attention causes a distortion of sound localization, although the neural basis of the effect remains an unanswered question. We hypothesized that top-down and bottom-up visual-spatial attention causes the ventriloquism effect with different modulations of ongoing neural oscillation.

Synthesis of tetrasubstituted and functionalized enol ethers by E-selective olefination of esters with ynolates.

We have developed the E-selective olefination of ester carbonyls to afford tetrasubstituted, functionalized olefins and the C-S insertion of thiol esters to give beta-keto thiol esters via ynolates.