Chemical Hybridization of Vizantin and Lipid A to Generate a Novel LPS Antagonist.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antagonists have attracted considerable interest as promising candidates for the treatment of severe sepsis triggered by Gram-negative bacteria. In this article, we describe the development of a novel LPS antagonist based on chemical hybridization of vizantin and the hydrophobic molecular unit of LPS (lipid A). Vizantin, 6,6'-bis-O-(3-nonyldodecanoyl)-α,α'-trehalose, was designed as an immunostimulator from a structure-activity relationship (SAR) study with trehalose 6,6'-dicorynomycolate (TDCM).

Overestimation of stability limits leads to a high frequency of falls in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Objectives: To test a hypothesis that patients with Parkinson's disease may not notice discrepancies between their perceived and actual stability limits and cannot keep their centre of gravity within the stability region.

Settings: Outpatients with neurological disorders in rehabilitation service.

Subjects: Twenty-one patients with Parkinson's disease (11 men, 10 women; mean duration 5.

Intralimb and Interlimb Incoordination: Comparative Study between Patients with Parkinsonism and with Cerebellar Ataxia.

Dysfunction of limb coordination may be divided into two categories; intra and inter-limb incoordination. To make clear differential character in these two limb incoordination, we measured 13 patients mainly with cerebellar ataxia and 27 patients mainly with parkinsonism during pedaling of an ergometer with left and right pedals that can be rotated independently. As a result, interlimb incoordination was predominantly observed in patients with parkinsonism, while patients with cerebellar ataxia showed relatively preserved interlimb coordination but intralimb incoordination.

Intralimb incoordination in patients with ataxia.

Intralimb incoordination needs to be distinguished from interlimb incoordination, which is observed in Parkinson's disease (PD). With this aim, intra and inter-limb coordination impairment in the lower limbs were measured in 13 patients with cerebellar ataxia during pedaling of an ergometer with left and right pedals that can be rotated independently. Intralimb incoordination in patients with cerebellar ataxia was compared with interlimb incoordiation in patients with PD.