Gallbladder Follicular Lymphoma Mimicking Gallbladder Cancer.

Background/aim: Enlarged polypoid gallbladder lesions should first be evaluated to rule out gallbladder cancer. Gallbladder lymphoma rarely develops, and gallbladder follicular lymphoma is seldom observed.

Case Report: The case of a 70-year-old man with an enlarged polypoid gallbladder lesion and stable-sized multiple enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes is reported.

A rare incidence of a hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm following plastic biliary stent insertion.

Hepatic artery pseudoaneurysms have been reported to occur in approximately 1% of cases after metal stenting for malignant biliary obstruction. In contrast, only a few cases have been reported as complications after plastic stenting for benign biliary disease. We report a 61-year-old man with cholangitis who presented with a rare complication of hemobilia after implantation of 7 Fr double pigtail plastic biliary stents.

Durable Stable Disease by Atezolizumab/Bevacizumab Can Provide Long-term Survival of Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma Lung Metastases.

Background: Multiple bilateral lung metastases secondary to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are mainly treated with molecular therapy. Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab can provide excellent long-term survival for patients with a good response.

Case Report: A 67-year-old woman underwent right hepatectomy for a primary solitary HCC, 11 cm in diameter, after portal embolization.

A Laparoscopically Treated Case of Peritoneal Dissemination Mimicking Liver Metastases from Distal Cholangiocarcinoma Four Years After the Initial Pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Background/aim: Operable peritoneal dissemination from distal cholangiocarcinoma after pancreaticoduodenectomy is rare. Furthermore, peritoneal dissemination mimicking liver metastasis has scarcely been reported.

Case Report: An 81-year-old woman received pancreaticoduodenectomy for distal cholangiocarcinoma.

Successful Treatment of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma With Liver/Lung Metastasis and Peritoneal Dissemination After Liver Resection.

Background/aim: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is increasing in incidence and has a poor prognosis.

Case Report: A 79-year-old woman with two liver tumors was referred to our institution. The tumors demonstrated irregular margins and continuous peripheral enhancement.

Highly Advanced Colorectal Liver Metastases Successfully Treated With Fluorouracil Plus Leucovorin Monotherapy and Microwave Ablation.

Background: Fluorouracil plus leucovorin (5-FU/LV) is a less toxic but mild chemotherapy.

Case Report: A 63-year-old male patient with rectal cancer and multiple colorectal liver metastases (CRLM, total volume of 1,826 ml) was hospitalized. He had several poor prognostic factors, including elevated levels of tumor markers, with carcinoembryonic antigen and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 levels of 17,119 ng/ml and 7,617 U/ml, respectively.

Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Coexisting With Multiple Bile Duct Adenoma Treated as Liver Metastasis from a Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor.

Background: Bile duct adenomas (BDA) may be precursor lesions of small duct-type, including mass-forming type intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC).

Case Report: A 68-year-old woman was transferred to our facility for the treatment of a liver tumor, possibly metastasized from a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor. Finally, two liver tumors were resected and histopathologically diagnosed as "BDA" and "ICC with a BDA-like component".

Laparoscopic Surgery for a Patient With Multiple Liver Metastases of Unknown Origin Concomitant With Gallbladder Tumor.

Background: The liver is the digestive organ where metastatic adenocarcinoma of unknown primary site is most often observed.

Case Report: A 74-year-old man was diagnosed with a growing gallbladder tumor and multiple liver tumors limited to the left lateral sector. Liver tumors were suggested to be primary or secondary adenocarcinoma with no relation to the gallbladder tumor.

Hepatic Inflammatory Pseudotumor Mimicking Malignant Tumor With Rare Onset of Intra-abdominal Hemorrhage.

Background: Hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor (HIPT) is an uncommon benign tumor-like mass that mimics malignant tumors.

Case Report: A 73-year-old man was admitted with severe epigastric pain and high fever. He had received choledocojejunostomy.

Cholangiolocarcinoma With Multiple Recurrences Successfully Treated With Repeated Liver Resection and Radiofrequency Ablation.

Background/aim: The prognosis of cholangiolocarcinoma, a rare malignant liver tumor derived from hepatic progenitor or stem cells, is considered relatively good; however, it frequently recurs. We herein present the diagnosis, histological findings, and treatment of cholangiolocarcinoma.

Case Report: A 65-year-old woman with a large liver tumor (70 mm in diameter) was referred.

Huge hepatocellular carcinoma with extrahepatic collateral arteries successfully treated by multidisciplinary treatment including laparoscopic devascularization: a case report.

Multidisciplinary treatment is recommended for the management of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Some operative decollateralization of extrahepatic feeding arteries with laparotomy have been introduced for HCC. We herein newly develop laparoscopic devascularization (LDEV) to continue transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for HCC with extrahepatic collateral arteries.

Hepatocellular Carcinoma With Extensive Cancer-associated Thrombosis Successfully Treated With Liver Resection and Direct Oral Anticoagulant: A Case Report.

Aim: To assess the utility of the perioperative use of direct oral anticoagulants for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with cancer-associated thrombosis.

Case Report: An 83-year-old woman was admitted with a solitary HCC (10-cm diameter), as well as with multiple sites of venous thromboembolism and macroscopic portal vein tumor thrombosis. She had appropriate liver function without viral hepatitis, triple-positive tumor markers, and secondary polycythemia.

Complete Removal of Adrenal Metastasis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using Indocyanine Green Fluorescent Imaging.

Aim: Our aim was to confirm the utility of Indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging for intraoperative detection of adrenal hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastasis.

Case Report: An 83-year-old man with a right adrenal HCC metastasis was admitted after complete remission of primary HCC and a metachronous left adrenal metastasis. He was treated with ICG fluorescence-guided limited resection to preserve adrenal function.

A hepatic sclerosed hemangioma with drastic changes in contrast-enhanced ultrasonography.

Hepatic sclerosed hemangioma is a rare benign liver tumor that originated from hepatic cavernous hemangioma; however, the process of its formation has been unclear. We herein present the patient of a histologically proven hepatic sclerosed hemangioma that showed drastic changes in diagnostic images in a short period. A 56-year-old man was referred to our hospital for the treatment of suspicious hepatocellular carcinoma with hepatitis C, approximately 2 cm in diameter in liver segment 8.

Hepatic Xanthogranuloma that Originated from a Liver Cyst and Mimicked a Malignant Tumor.

Background/aim: Hepatic xanthogranuloma is a very rale disease and formation process is unknown.

Case Report: A 69-year-old woman previously diagnosed as simple liver cyst. Two years before, a 36-mm liver cyst was found in segment 5, while one year later, the hemorrhagic cyst was 40 mm in diameter and a thin septum had formed.

Partial Splenic Embolization for Lenvatinib Therapy-associated Thrombocytopenia Among Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Background: Lenvatinib, a newly developed oral multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has amazing potential in the multidisciplinary treatment of advanced or metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma. Thrombocytopenia is a serious adverse event that causes drug dose reduction or withdrawal. Partial splenic embolization is currently being used as a non-surgical treatment for thrombocytopenia caused by various pharmacotherapies.

Conversion Hepatectomy for Huge Hepatocellular Carcinoma With Arterioportal Shunt After Chemoembolization and Lenvatinib Therapy.

Large tumor size and arterioportal shunt are poor prognostic factors for hepatocellular carcinoma. Lenvatinib is a novel and potent multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor developed in Japan. A 66-year-old woman with hepatocellular carcinoma and untreated hepatitis C was referred to our hospital.