A paradoxical reaction after an oral glucose tolerance test revealed a pheochromocytom.

A 33-year-old Japanese man with a history of atopic dermatitis and asthma had never been diagnosed with any apparent glucose intolerance but had been aware of palpitations for >10 years. A 75g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at his physical examination in March 2021 revealed fasting hyperglycemia and post-load hypoglycemia. An OGTT recheck was performed in May 2021 and was normal.

First-onset type 1 diabetes in an elderly woman with multiple islet-associated autoantibodies, and a literature review.

An 80-year-old Japanese woman had shown no indication of diabetes but regularly saw a primary-care physician for health management. Six months before her referral to our hospital, her HbA1c was 6.0%.

Accuracy of the Contour Next Link 2.4 blood glucose monitoring system in Japanese individuals: a single-center study.

Aims: Self-monitoring of blood glucose is a useful method for monitoring blood glucose. It is often a key role of a management plan to reduce glycemic variability and diabetic complications. Wireless monitoring systems to connect blood glucose and insulin pumps can facilitate glycemic control.

A 29-year-old patient with adrenoleukodystrophy presenting with Addison's disease.

Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is an X-linked disorder caused by a hemizygous mutation of the ABCD1 gene. Patients with ALD show progressive central nervous system demyelination and primary adrenal insufficiency. In Japan, most reported ALD cases were childhood-onset, and only one case of an adult patient with Addison's disease form of ALD has ever been reported.

Elliptic neutron-focusing supermirror for illuminating small samples in neutron reflectometry.

This paper details the development of a precise assembly of two supermirrors for neutron-focusing, designed for installation in neutron reflectometer SOFIA at BL16 in J-PARC MLF to intensify the illumination for small samples. The supermirrors are sputtered on two metal substrates, whose surfaces are coated with amorphous Ni-P plating, and are figured by diamond cutting and polished to subnanometer roughness. Special care is taken while polishing the substrates to reduce waviness and surface roughness for achieving a sharp focusing spot and uniform neutron reflectivity.

Isotope-selective Microscale Imaging of Radioactive Cs without Isobaric Interferences Using Sputtered Neutral Mass Spectrometry with Two-step Resonant Ionization Employing Newly-developed Ti:Sapphire Lasers.

The characterization of radionuclides in Fukushima is important to determine their origins and current state in the environment. Radionuclides exist as fine particles and are mixed with other constituents. A measurement method with both micro-imaging capability and highly selective element detection is necessary to analyze these particles.

One-year eGFR decline rate is a good predictor of prognosis of renal failure in patients with type 2 diabetes.

It is difficult to distinguish the onset of renal function decline from the typical variation in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) measurements in clinical practice. In this study, we used data analysis incorporating smoothing techniques to identify significant trends despite large amounts of noise. We identified the starting points of meaningful eGFR decline based on eGFR trajectories.

Development of precision elliptic neutron-focusing supermirror.

This paper details methods for the precision design and fabrication of neutron-focusing supermirrors, based on electroless nickel plating. We fabricated an elliptic mirror for neutron reflectometry, which is our second mirror improved from the first. The mirror is a 550-millimeter-long segmented mirror assembled using kinematic couplings, with each segment figured by diamond cutting, polished using colloidal silica, and supermirror coated through ion-beam sputtering.

GLP-1 receptor agonist, liraglutide, ameliorates hepatosteatosis induced by anti-CD3 antibody in female mice.

Aims: Hepatosteatosis is mainly induced by obesity and metabolic disorders, but various medications also induce hepatosteatosis. The administration of anti-CD3 antibody was shown to induce hepatosteatosis, but changes in lipid and glucose metabolism remain unclear. We investigated the mechanism of hepatosteatosis induced by anti-CD3 antibody and the effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist that was recently shown to affect immune function in metabolic disorders.

Treatment of sarcopenia and glucose intolerance through mitochondrial activation by 5-aminolevulinic acid.

Recently, sarcopenia has attracted attention as therapeutic target because it constitutes a risk factor for metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. We focused 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) which act as electron carriers in the mitochondrial electron transport system. The mice that received ALA for 8 weeks gained muscle strength and endurance, and exhibited increased muscle mass and mitochondrial amount.

Relationships between Composition of Major Fatty Acids and Fat Distribution and Insulin Resistance in Japanese.

. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationships between the composition of free fatty acids (FFAs) and metabolic parameters, including body fat distribution, in Japanese. .

Bile acid binding resin prevents fat accumulation through intestinal microbiota in high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice.

Background: Bile acid binding resin (BAR) absorbs intestinal bile acids, and improves obesity and metabolic disorders, but the precise mechanism remains to be clarified. Recent findings reveal that obesity is associated with skewed intestinal microbiota. Thus, we investigated the effect of BAR on intestinal microbiota and the role of microbiota in the prevention of obesity in high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice.

A case of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I with strong positive GAD antibody titer, followed up with glucose tolerance measured by oral glucose tolerance test.

A 26-year-old Japanese woman presented with adrenal insufficiency, and treatment was started with cortisone and fludrocortisone in 1975. A few years later, she presented with hypoparathyroidism and was diagnosed with autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I (APS I), and treatment with calcium and alfacalcidol was started. She was found to have subacute thyroiditis and relative adrenal failure in 2006.

Factors affecting consultation length in a Japanese diabetes practice.

Aims: Sufficient consultation time is important for establishing good doctor-patient relationship. We examined the factors that affect consultation length in Japanese diabetes practice.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study performed at a diabetes clinic in central Tokyo, Japan.

Slowly progressive insulin-dependent (type 1) diabetes positive for anti-GAD antibody ELISA test may be strongly associated with a future insulin-dependent state.

Slowly progressive insulin-dependent (type 1) diabetes mellitus (SPIDDM), believed to be caused by β-cell destruction through islet-cell autoimmunity, gradually progresses to an insulin-dependent state over time. Although the presence of anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (GADA) is required for the diagnosis of SPIDDM, a recent change in the GADA assay kit from radioimmunoassay (RIA) to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) yields mismatched GADA test results between the two kits, leading to confusion in understanding the pathological conditions of SPIDDM in Japan. Thus, this study aimed to clarify the difference in the clinical characteristics of GADA-ELISA-positive and GADA-ELISA-negative patients originally diagnosed as SPIDDM by GADA-RIA test.

A Reduction of HbA1c after 3 Months Predicts 2-year Responsiveness to Sitagliptin Treatment.

Objective: This retrospective study evaluated the long-term efficacy of sitagliptin and the factors contributing to its glucose-lowering effect.

Methods: Six hundred and sixteen dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor-naïve outpatients with type 2 diabetes who began sitagliptin treatment between December 1, 2009 and December 31, 2011 were included in this study. The inclusion criteria were that the patient had regularly visited our hospital for a period of ≥700 days from the initiation of sitagliptin treatment and the measurement of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) had been performed at 0, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after the initiation of treatment.

Effects of Liraglutide Monotherapy on Beta Cell Function and Pancreatic Enzymes Compared with Metformin in Japanese Overweight/Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Subpopulation Analysis of the KIND-LM Randomized Trial.

Background And Objective: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are becoming one of the major therapeutic options for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study was conducted as an exploratory analysis to clarify the effects of liraglutide, a GLP-1RA, on beta cell function, fat distribution and pancreas volume compared with metformin in Japanese overweight/obese patients with T2DM.

Methods: A subpopulation of the Keio study for Initial treatment of type 2 Diabetes with Liraglutide versus Metformin (KIND-LM) study participants (n = 20, 10 in oral metformin group and 10 in subcutaneous liraglutide group) who were enrolled at Keio University Hospital and underwent frequently sampled mixed meal tolerance test (MTT) and abdominal computed tomography (CT) at weeks 0 and 24 were included in this analysis.

Palmitic acid-rich diet suppresses glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in pancreatic islets in mice.

The objective was to clarify whether dietary palmitic acid supplementation affects glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway in pancreatic islets in mice. Eight-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into three treatment diet groups: control diet, palmitic acid-supplemented diet (PAL) and oleic acid-supplemented diet (OLE). After 2 weeks of treatment, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test and intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test were performed.

Bile acid binding resin improves hepatic insulin sensitivity by reducing cholesterol but not triglyceride levels in the liver.

Aims: Bile acid binding resin (BAR) improves glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Although the mechanism is hypothesised to involve the clearance of excess hepatic triglyceride, this hypothesis has not been examined in appropriately designed studies. Therefore, we investigated whether reduced hepatic triglyceride deposition is involved in BAR-mediated improvements in glycaemic control in spontaneous fatty liver diabetic mice without dietary interventions.

Efficacy and safety of sitagliptin added to insulin in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: the EDIT randomized trial.

Aims: To clarify the efficacy and safety of adding sitagliptin to insulin therapy in Japanese patients with suboptimally controlled type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

Study Design And Methods: This was a 24-week, prospective, randomized, open-labeled, controlled trial. Patients with T2DM who were suboptimally controlled despite receiving at least twice daily injection of insulin were enrolled in the study.

C-peptide immunoreactivity index is associated with improvement of HbA1c: 2-Year follow-up of sitagliptin use in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Aims: This retrospective study aimed to determine the hypoglycaemic effect of 2 years of sitagliptin administration in terms of changes in HbA1c and C-peptide immunoreactivity (CPR) index (plasma CPR [ng/mL]/glucose [mg/dL]×100).

Methods: The inclusion criteria for DPP-4 inhibitor-naive outpatients with type 2 diabetes (n=285) were: continuation of sitagliptin for ≥700 days from initial administration and measurement of HbA1c, serum CPR, and plasma glucose levels at 0, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after sitagliptin initiation. Logistic regression analyses determined the factors contributing to the response to sitagliptin, based on responder (ΔHbA1c ≤-0.

Efficacy and safety of liraglutide monotherapy compared with metformin in Japanese overweight/obese patients with type 2 diabetes.

There is little information on direct comparison between metformin and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists in the Asian population. This study examined the efficacy and safety of liraglutide monotherapy compared with metformin monotherapy in overweight/obese Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The study was a 24-week, open-labeled, randomized controlled study.

Relationships among different glycemic variability indices obtained by continuous glucose monitoring.

The aim of this study was to assess the relationships among indices of glycemic variability obtained by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). CGM was performed in 88 patients with diabetes (20 type 1 and 68 type 2 diabetes, age 59 ± 15 years) admitted to our hospital (Keio University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan) between 2010 and 2012. Mean glucose, glucose standard deviation (SDglu) and other glycemic indices such as index of glycemic control (ICG), J-index, mean of daily differences (MODD), continuous overlapping net glycemic action 1 (CONGA1), mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE) and M value were calculated from CGM data, and the correlations among these indices were assessed.

Effects of 16-week high-intensity interval training using upper and lower body ergometers on aerobic fitness and morphological changes in healthy men: a preliminary study.

It is unclear whether combined leg and arm high-intensity interval training (HIIT) improves fitness and morphological characteristics equal to those of leg-based HIIT programs. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of HIIT using leg-cycling (LC) and arm-cranking (AC) ergometers with an HIIT program using only LC. Effects on aerobic capacity and skeletal muscle were analyzed.