Antibody response to 1.0 and 0.5 mL doses of an inactivated bacterial vaccine against bovine respiratory disease in young Holstein calves: a field trial.

Introduction: Early vaccination of cattle with an inactivated commercial bacterial vaccine against bovine respiratory disease has been reported to increase antibody production and can alleviate the disease. However, its dosage has been little investigated in young Holstein calves. This study addresses the need to establish guide values for vaccine dosage in these animals.

16S rRNA nanopore sequencing for rapid diagnosis of causative bacteria in bovine mastitis.

The rapid identification of specific bacterial pathogens in bovine mastitis is crucial for appropriate antimicrobial treatment. Sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons is a proven, useful strategy for diagnosing bacterial infections. In this study, the use of 16S rRNA analysis with nanopore sequencer for the rapid identification of causative bacteria in bovine mastitis, was evaluated.

Effects of intra-articular inoculation with Mycoplasma bovis on immunological responses in calf joints.

Mycoplasma arthritis that caused by Mycoplasma bovis exhibit severe lameness. This disease is difficult to cure with antibiotics, but the detailed pathological mechanisms have not been fully clarified. In this study, we examined the effects of intra-articular inoculation with M.

Aerobic Composting and Anaerobic Digestion Decrease the Copy Numbers of Antibiotic-Resistant Genes and the Levels of Lactose-Degrading Enterobacteriaceae in Dairy Farms in Hokkaido, Japan.

Efficient methods for decreasing the spread of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and transfer of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (ARB) from livestock manure to humans are urgently needed. Aerobic composting (AC) or anaerobic digestion (AD) are widely used for manure treatment in Japanese dairy farms. To clarify the effects of AC and AD on antimicrobial resistance, the abundances of antimicrobial (tetracycline and cefazolin)-resistant lactose-degrading Enterobacteriaceae as indicator bacteria, copy numbers of ARGs (tetracycline resistance genes and β-lactamase coding genes), and concentrations of residual antimicrobials in dairy cow manure were determined before and after treatment.

Comparison of distal forelimb conformations between Japanese Black and Holstein-Friesian newborn calves.

Flexural and hyperextension deformities are congenital problems in calves. We, therefore, aimed to investigate the distal limb conformation in 1 day- and 28-day-old female Holstein-Friesian (HF) calves (n=21), male Japanese Black (JB) calves (n=15), and female JB calves (n=15). The claw angle of the forelimb dorsal claw wall in a standing position and recorded other parameters, including body weight, withers height, circumference of forelimbs, and flexor tendon thickness in the forelimbs, were measured and compared these between the three groups.

Inflammatory cytokine mRNA and protein levels in the synovial fluid of Mycoplasma arthritis calves.

Bovine Mycoplasma arthritis (MA) is caused by Mycoplasma bovis and exhibits severe clinical symptoms. However, the pathophysiology of bovine MA is incompletely understood. In this study, we examined the cytokine mRNA expression of synovial fluid (SF) cells and cytokine concentrations in the SF of MA calves.

Changes in mRNA of immune factors expressed by milk somatic cells of Holstein cows with hypocalcemia after calving.

Changes in immune factors expressed by milk somatic cells from Holstein cows with hypocalcemia after calving were investigated in this study. Fourteen multiparous Holstein cows after their 3rd or 4th calving in one farm were used. The cows were divided into 2 groups: 7 cows needing treatment due to onset of hypocalcemia (hypocalcemia group; age = 5.

Flexor tendon transection and post-surgical external fixation in calves affected by severe metacarpophalangeal flexural deformity.

This study aimed to evaluate the transection of superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) and deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) in calves with severe metacarpophalangeal flexural deformities (MPFD). The study comprised 17 forelimbs of 10 calves that were diagnosed at the Animal Medical Centre, Rakuno Gakuen University. The calves were treated via transection of the SDFT and DDFT with retention of the suspensory ligament, followed by external fixation according to a post-surgical gait test.

Field Trial of Primary and Booster Dose of Inactivated Vaccine Against Bovine Respiratory Bacteria in Young Holstein Calves.

Introduction: The objective of this research was to evaluate the antibody response to multiple doses of an inactivated mixed vaccine against , , and , and to investigate the influence of age at time of vaccination in the field.

Material And Methods: Healthy female Holstein calves received the vaccine at the age of 5-12 days and 2, 3, or 4 weeks later in the first experiment or at 1, 2, or 3 weeks of age and 4 weeks later in the second. Blood samples were collected at each vaccination and 3 weeks after the booster dose.

Relationship Between mRNA of Immune Factors Expressed by Milk Somatic Cells and Bacteria Present in Healthy Lactating Holstein Cows.

Introduction: The characteristics of immune factors in somatic cells from lactating dairy cows and their association with commensal bacteria in normal milk have not been clarified. This study investigated the relationship between the pathogenic bacteria in milk and somatic cell immune factors in healthy lactating cows.

Material And Methods: In total 44 healthy Holstein cows were studied on one farm.

A case report of intracholecystic papillary neoplasm of the gallbladder resembling a submucosal tumor.

Background: Intracholecystic papillary neoplasm (ICPN) is defined as papillary tumors detected macroscopically in the gallbladder. We report a case of ICPN which exhibited the atypical form like a submucosal tumor.

Case Presentation: A 70-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of hepatic disorder.

Fauna of Cerambycidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) in Komaba Campus of the University of Tokyo, a highly urbanised area in Japan.

Urban green spaces play an important role in maintaining urban biodiversity in the Tokyo Metropolis, Japan. Plant-dependent insect assemblages such as Cerambycidae, in particular, are likely influenced by the existence of green spaces in Tokyo's urbanised environments. This study is the first comprehensive inventory of the cerambycid fauna in the Komaba Campus of the University of Tokyo.

Enhanced karyopherin-α2 expression is associated with carcinogenesis in patients with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms.

Background/objectives: Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN) can become malignant. Karyopherin-α2 (KPNA2) plays a central role in nucleocytoplasmic transport and is associated with various types of cancer. The current study examined pancreatic KPNA2 expression in cancer patients and evaluated its association with clinicopathological factors, cancer cell proliferation.

Control of primary lesions using resection or radiotherapy can improve the prognosis of metastatic colorectal cancer patients.

Background: Control of the primary lesions in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is still controversial. For rectal cancer patients, not only resection but also irradiation is expected to provide palliative effects. We investigated the effects of resection and irradiation of primary lesions (local control) on the prognosis of mCRC patients.

Establishment of a novel method to evaluate peritoneal microdissemination and therapeutic effect using luciferase assay.

Peritoneal dissemination is a major cause of recurrence in patients with malignant tumors in the peritoneal cavity. Effective anticancer agents and treatment protocols are necessary to improve outcomes in these patients. However, previous studies using mouse models of peritoneal dissemination have not detected any drug effect against peritoneal micrometastasis.

KPNA2 over-expression is a potential marker of prognosis and therapeutic sensitivity in colorectal cancer patients.

Background: Karyopherin α 2 (KPNA2) is a member of the Karyopherin α family and has recently been reported to play an important role in tumor progression. The aim of the current study was to elucidate the clinicopathological significance of KPNA2 over-expression in colorectal cancer (CRC).

Patients And Methods: KPNA2 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 122 surgically resected CRC and 13 biopsy specimens obtained at colonoscopy during screening for preoperative hyperthermochemoradiation therapy (HCRT).

Inventory of the Heteroptera (Insecta: Hemiptera) in Komaba Campus of the University of Tokyo, a highly urbanized area in Japan.

Background: The Heteroptera, or true bugs, forms one of the major insect groups with respect to the very diverse habitat preferences, including both aquatic and terrestrial species, as well as a variety of feeding types. The first comprehensive inventory of the Heteroptera at Komaba Campus of the University of Tokyo, or an urban green space in the center of the Tokyo Metropolis, Japan, was conducted.

New Information: A total of 115 species in 29 families of the suborder Heteroptera were identified.

Effect of long interval between hyperthermochemoradiation therapy and surgery for rectal cancer on apoptosis, proliferation and tumor response.

Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy is commonly used to improve the local control and resectability of locally advanced rectal cancer, with surgery performed after an interval of a number of weeks. We have been conducting a clinical trial of preoperative chemoradiotherapy in combination with regional hyperthermia (hyperthermo-chemoradiation therapy; HCRT) for locally advanced rectal cancer. In the current study we assessed the effect of a longer (>10 weeks) interval after neoadjuvant HCRT on pathological response, oncological outcome and especially on apoptosis, proliferation and p53 expression in patients with rectal cancer.

Addition of Bevacizumab to First-Line Chemotherapy for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.

Background/aims: We evaluated the efficacy and safety of bevacizumab for metastatic colorectal cancer patients.

Methodology: All unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer patients who began receiving bevacizumab at participating facilities from 2006 to 2011 were retrospectively analyze to determine the safety and efficacy. The primary end points were Progression Free Survival (PFS) and Overall Survival (OS).

The efficacy of fondaparinux for the prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism after resection for colorectal cancer.

Background/aims: The advantages of combined pharmacological and physical methods for venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis after colorectal surgery have not been clearly determined. The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy and safety of fondaparinux combined with intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) with IPC alone for VTE prophylaxis after resection for colorectal cancer.

Methodology: Between June 2008 and March 2010, 137 consecutive patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) who underwent colorectal resection in our surgical unit were enrolled in the study.

The progression potential of peritoneal dissemination nodules from gastrointestinal tumors.

It is necessary to examine the characteristics of the dissemination nodules to establish a therapeutic strategy for peritoneal dissemination from digestive malignancy. Ki-67 expression as a proliferation marker in peritoneal dissemination nodules was investigated. The subjects were 15 patients with gastrointestinal cancers who underwent resection of the primary tumor and disseminated nodules.

Keratin 17 expression correlates with tumor progression and poor prognosis in gastric adenocarcinoma.

Background: Keratin 17 (K17) is regarded as a basal/myoepithelial cell keratin and is known to be inducible in activated keratinocytes. The high frequency of K17 expression in pancreaticobiliary nonmucinous adenocarcinoma or basal-like breast carcinoma has previously been described. However, its expression in gastric cancer (GC) is controversial.

Extranodal metastasis predicts poor survival in advanced colorectal cancer.

Background/aims: The prognostic significance of extranodal metastasis (ENM) in colorectal cancer (CRC) is disregarded by the TNM classification system. The influence of ENM on survival among locally advanced CRC patients was examined.

Methodology: We reviewed retrospectively the clinical course of 263 patients who underwent surgical resection of locally advanced CRC at our Department between 2005 and 2009.