Potential Molecular Cross Talk Among CCR5 Pathway Predicts Regorafenib Responsiveness in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients.

Background: Genetic variants in the CCL5/CCR5 pathway have been shown to predict regorafenib efficacy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). This study investigated the biological role of CCL4 and CCL3 gene polymorphisms in patients with refractory mCRC treated using regorafenib.

Patients And Methods: We analyzed the genomic DNA extracted from mCRC patients receiving regorafenib.

Clinical significance of enterocyte-specific gene polymorphisms as candidate markers of oxaliplatin-based treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) can be classified into subtypes based on gene expression signatures. Patients with stage III enterocyte subtype of the CRC Assigner classifier have been shown to benefit from oxaliplatin adjuvant therapy. Here, we investigated whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in two enterocyte subtype-related genes, MS4A12 and CDX2, could predict the efficacy of oxaliplatin in first-line treatment for patients with metastatic CRC (mCRC).

A polymorphism in the cachexia-associated gene INHBA predicts efficacy of regorafenib in patients with refractory metastatic colorectal cancer.

Activin/myostatin signaling has a critical role not only in cachexia but also in tumor angiogenesis. Cachexia is a frequent complication among patients with advanced cancer and heavily pretreated patients. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of cachexia-associated genetic variants in refractory metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients treated with regorafenib.

Role of enterocyte-specific gene polymorphisms in response to adjuvant treatment for stage III colorectal cancer.

Objectives: The enterocyte subtype of colorectal cancer (CRC) responds favorably to oxaliplatin-based adjuvant treatment for stage III CRC. We examined the clinical significance of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in enterocyte-related genes MS4A12 and CDX2 in response to adjuvant treatment for stage III CRC.

Patients And Methods: A total of 350 patients with stage III CRC were included: 274 received adjuvant treatment with surgical resection (discovery cohort) and 76 received surgery alone (control cohort).

Intraoperative conversion from laparoscopic gastrectomy to an open procedure: a decade of experience in a Japanese high-volume center.

Background: Although laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) is a widely accepted treatment for gastric cancer, conversion to laparotomy is sometimes required. The current study aimed to review the time trends of intraoperative conversions to open procedures during the decade in which the LG procedure was being developed.

Methods: Cases in which LG was attempted at the Cancer Institute Hospital from 2005 to 2018 were retrospectively reviewed, and the details regarding conversions to open surgery were examined.

Should pylorus-preserving gastrectomy be performed for overweight/obese patients with gastric cancer?

Background: Pylorus-preserving gastrectomy is an alternative to distal gastrectomy for early gastric cancer, and is expected to have postoperative advantages including maintenance of body weight. Overweight/obesity is a risk factor for chronic disorders, including hypertension and diabetes mellitus; in these conditions, body weight control is frequently required as part of treatment. It remains unknown whether pylorus-preserving gastrectomy should be performed in overweight/obese patients because excess body weight may be maintained postoperatively.

Genetic variants in CCL5 and CCR5 genes and serum VEGF-A levels predict efficacy of bevacizumab in metastatic colorectal cancer patients.

Early VEGF-A reduction (EVR) by targeting abundant VEGF-A is a potential predictive marker of bevacizumab (BEV). The CCL5/CCR5 axis modulates VEGF-A production via endothelial progenitor cells migration. We tested whether genetic polymorphisms in the CCL5/CCR5 pathway could predict efficacy of BEV in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) in a first-line setting.

Potential role of PIN1 genotypes in predicting benefit from oxaliplatin-based and irinotecan-based treatment in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.

PIN1-mediated substrate isomerization plays a role in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks. We hypothesized that genetic polymorphisms in PIN1-related pathways may affect tumor sensitivity to oxaliplatin or irinotecan in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients. We analyzed genomic DNA from five cohorts of mCRC patients (total 950) treated with different first-line treatments: oxaliplatin cohorts 1 (n = 146) and 2 (n = 70); irinotecan cohorts 1 (n = 228), and 2 (n = 276); and combination cohort (n = 230).

Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum (JSCCR) Guidelines 2016 for the Clinical Practice of Hereditary Colorectal Cancer (Translated Version).

Hereditary colorectal cancer accounts for less than 5% of all colorectal cancer cases. Some of the unique characteristics that are commonly encountered in cases of hereditary colorectal cancer include early age at onset, synchronous/metachronous occurrence of the cancer, and association with multiple cancers in other organs, necessitating different management from sporadic colorectal cancer. While the diagnosis of familial adenomatous polyposis might be easy because usually 100 or more adenomas that develop in the colonic mucosa are in this condition, Lynch syndrome, which is the most commonly associated disease with hereditary colorectal cancer, is often missed in daily medical practice because of its relatively poorly defined clinical characteristics.

Correction to: Clinical Outcomes and Evaluation of Laparoscopic Proximal Gastrectomy with Double-Flap Technique for Early Gastric Cancer in the Upper Third of the Stomach.

In the original article on page 1636, first line, the reference cited for Kamikawa et al. is incorrect. The correct reference is as follows: Kamikawa Y, Kobayashi T, Kamiyama S, et al.

and alterations in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: prognostic markers identified via exome analysis of cases with extreme prognosis.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common lymphoma subtype characterized by both biological and clinical heterogeneity. In refractory cases, complete response/complete response unconfirmed rates in salvage therapy remain low. We performed whole-exome sequencing of DLBCL in a discovery cohort comprising 26 good and nine poor prognosis cases.

Serum leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein-1 with fucosylated triantennary N-glycan: a novel colorectal cancer marker.

Background: Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen (CA)19-9 are used in clinical practice as tumor markers to diagnose or monitor colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, However, their specificities and sensitivities are not ideal, and novel alternatives are needed. In this study, mass spectrometry was used to search for screening markers, focusing on glycan alterations of glycoproteins in the sera of CRC patients.

Methods: Glycopeptides were prepared from serum glycoproteins separated from blood samples of 80 CRC patients and 50 healthy volunteers, and their levels were measured by liquid chromatography time-of flight mass spectrometry (LC-TOF-MS).

Gene Polymorphisms in the CCL5/CCR5 Pathway as a Genetic Biomarker for Outcome and Hand-Foot Skin Reaction in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients Treated With Regorafenib.

Background: The C-C motif chemokine ligand 5/C-C motif chemokine receptor 5 (CCL5/CCR5) pathway has been shown to induce endothelial progenitor cell migration, resulting in increased vascular endothelial growth factor A expression. We hypothesized that genetic polymorphisms in the CCL5/CCR5 pathway predict efficacy and toxicity in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) treated with regorafenib.

Patients And Methods: We analyzed genomic DNA extracted from 229 tumor samples from 2 different cohorts of patients who received regorafenib: an evaluation cohort of 79 Japanese patients and a validation cohort of 150 Italian patients.

A Feasibility Study of Capecitabine and Oxaliplatin for Patients with Stage II/III Colon Cancer -ACTOR Study.

Background/aim: Past studies have suggested that adjuvant capecitabine and oxaliplatin (CAPOX) provides decreased tumor relapse and longer survival in patients with curatively resected colon cancer. We report the first evidence of the feasibility of adjuvant CAPOX in Japanese patients with early colon cancer.

Patients And Methods: Eligible patients had histologically-confirmed stage II/III colon cancer and received curative resection.

Two-point measurement of amylase in drainage fluid predicts severe postoperative pancreatic fistula after gastric cancer surgery.

Background: Early identification of patients at risk of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) allows appropriate management after gastrectomy. Although some reports have suggested a correlation between POPF and the concentration of amylase in drained abdominal fluid (D-AMY), this has not been proven to impact sufficiently on clinical decision-making. A sustained high level of D-AMY is often assumed to be due to unsatisfactory drainage or excessive pancreatic leakage.

Impact of anatomical position of the pancreas on postoperative complications and drain amylase concentrations after laparoscopic distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer.

Background: Laparoscopic surgery for gastric cancer requires traction or compression of the pancreas, with the extent depending on the anatomical position of the pancreas. This study investigated the impact of the position of the pancreas on postoperative complications and drain amylase concentrations after laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (LDG).

Methods: Gastric cancer patients who underwent LDG were assessed retrospectively.

Prophylactic effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in gastric cancer patients with postoperative complications.

Background: The occurrence of postoperative complications may have a significant negative impact on the prognosis of patients with gastrointestinal cancers. The inflammatory response releases systemic cytokines, which may induce residual cancer cell growth. Recently, neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) was found to improve the prognosis of advanced gastric cancer (GC).

Serum miR-143 levels predict the pathological response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.

Recently, several circulating miRNAs have been reported as promising, minimally invasive biomarkers for the diagnosis or prediction of the prognosis in various types of cancer. However, the utility of circulating miRNAs as predictive markers of the cancer response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) for locally advanced rectal cancer is still unclear. To identify circulating serum miRNAs useful for predicting a pathological good response to nCRT, total 18 serum miRNAs of interest were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction in 94 rectal cancer patients treated with nCRT and surgery.

Potential role of polymorphisms in the transporter genes ENT1 and MATE1/OCT2 in predicting TAS-102 efficacy and toxicity in patients with refractory metastatic colorectal cancer.

Background: Trifluridine (FTD) is an active cytotoxic component of the metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) drug TAS-102, and thymidine phosphorylase inhibitor (TPI) inhibits the rapid degradation of FTD. We tested whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in FTD metabolism and TPI excretion could predict outcome in patients with mCRC treated with TAS-102.

Patients And Methods: We investigated three different cohorts: a training cohort (n = 52) and a testing cohort (n = 129) both receiving TAS-102 and a control cohort (n = 52) receiving regorafenib.

Self-Reported Adherence to Capecitabine on XELOX Treatment as Adjuvant Therapy for Colorectal Cancer.

Adherence has become an important issue in modern oncology treatment. Most studies have included heterogeneous target tumor types, regimens, and therapy settings. Our study focused on capecitabine during capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (XELOX) treatment as an adjuvant therapy for colorectal cancer.

"Pancreas-Compressionless Gastrectomy": A Novel Laparoscopic Approach for Suprapancreatic Lymph Node Dissection.

Background: In radical operations for gastric cancer, a balance between the quality of lymph node dissection and safety of surgery must be ensured. During suprapancreatic lymphadenectomy in laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG), an adequate operative field should be safely and effectively established to reduce pancreas-related complications. We present a novel approach that avoids direct compression of the pancreas in LG and describe the surgical outcomes of this method.

Diagnostic staging laparoscopy in gastric cancer: a prospective cohort at a cancer institute in Japan.

Background: There have been many studies that describe the value of diagnostic staging laparoscopy (DSL) in gastric cancer. However, different studies use different indications, making study results difficult to compare. This study aimed to clarify the diagnostic feasibility of DSL for gastric cancer in a prospective manner and investigated the impact of DSL on clinical decision-making in gastric cancer treatment.

Survival benefit of "D2-plus" gastrectomy in gastric cancer patients with duodenal invasion.

Background: The optimal extent of lymph node (LN) dissection for gastric cancer with duodenal invasion is yet to be clarified. This study sought to evaluate the significance of gastrectomy with D2-plus lymphadenectomy including posterior LNs along the common hepatic artery (no. 8p), hepatoduodenal ligament LNs along the bile duct (no.

Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum (JSCCR) guidelines 2016 for the treatment of colorectal cancer.

Japanese mortality due to colorectal cancer is on the rise, surpassing 49,000 in 2015. Many new treatment methods have been developed during recent decades. The Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum Guidelines 2016 for the treatment of colorectal cancer (JSCCR Guidelines 2016) were prepared to show standard treatment strategies for colorectal cancer, to eliminate disparities among institutions in terms of treatment, to eliminate unnecessary treatment and insufficient treatment, and to deepen mutual understanding between health-care professionals and patients by making these Guidelines available to the general public.