Choroidal thickness in macular, nasal midperiphery, and temporal midperiphery regions and its relationship with axial length and refractive error.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the choroidal thickness (ChT) distribution in adult myopic eyes, focusing on the macular, nasal midperiphery, and temporal midperiphery regions, and to explore its relationship with axial length (AL) and refractive error.

Study Design: A cross-sectional, observational study.

Methods: Twenty-nine eyes of 29 adult volunteers were examined.

Ocular Accommodative and Pupillary Responses During Fixation on Augmented Reality With a Maxwellian Display.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the changes in ocular refraction and pupillary diameter during fixation on augmented reality (AR) images using a Maxwellian display.

Methods: Twenty-two healthy young volunteers (average age, 20.7 ± 0.

A Comprehensive Wavefront Assessment of Keratoconus Using an Integrated Scheimpflug Corneal Tomographer/Hartmann-Shack Wavefront Aberrometer.

Objectives: To characterize higher-order aberrations (HOAs) in different severities of keratoconus (KC) from the anterior and posterior corneal surfaces and whole eye using an integrated Scheimpflug corneal tomographer/Hartmann-Shack wavefront aberrometer.

Methods: This study included eyes with clinical KC, topographic KC (no clinical signs), fellow eyes with very asymmetric ectasia with normal topography and no clinical signs (VAE-NT), and control eyes. Corneal and ocular wavefront aberrations were obtained using an integrated Scheimpflug tomographer/Hartmann-Shack wavefront aberrometer.

Evaluation of Aniseikonia in Patients with Successfully Treated Anisometropic Amblyopia Using Spatial Aniseikonia Test.

Anisometropic amblyopia is decreased visual acuity in one eye, and treatment consists of wearing complete corrective spectacles. Aniseikonia occurs with complete correction of anisometropia using spectacles. Aniseikonia has been ignored when treating pediatric anisometropic amblyopia because of the prevailing belief that anisometropic symptoms are suppressed by adaptation.

Comparison of Ocular Wavefront Aberration Measurements Obtained Using Two Hartmann-Shack Wavefront Aberrometers.

Objectives: To assess agreement between measurements of ocular wavefront aberrations obtained using the Pentacam AXL Wave (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH) (Aberrometer A) and KR-1W (Topcon Corp) (Aberrometer B), both of which are based on the Hartmann-Shack principle.

Methods: In this prospective case-control study, ocular wavefront aberrations measurements were obtained using both aberrometers in patients with keratoconus (KC) and control participants. Ocular wavefront aberrations were measured through the natural pupil without dilation using both devices in a dark room.

Evaluation of ocular biometry in the Japanese population using a multicenter approach: Prospective observational study.

This prospective observational study aimed to evaluate the ocular biometry of Japanese people through a multicenter approach. The uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity (UDVA and CDVA, respectively) in the log minimum angle of resolution (logMAR), subjective and objective spherical equivalent values (SE) of ocular refraction, anterior and posterior corneal curvature (ACC and PCC, respectively), anterior and posterior corneal asphericity (ACA and PCA, respectively), central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and ocular axial length (AL) were measured in the eyes of 250 participants (mean age = 46.5 ± 18.

Characteristics of Higher-Order Aberrations in Different Stages of Keratoconus.

Objectives: To characterize higher-order aberrations (HOAs) in clinical and subclinical keratoconus (KC).

Methods: The study included 33, 36, and 26 patients with clinical, topographic (no clinical signs), and pretopographic (normal topography and no clinical signs) KC and 30 controls. Ocular and corneal HOAs for the 4-mm pupils were measured using a wavefront sensor and expanded up to the sixth order of Zernike polynomials.

Artificial accommodating intraocular lens powered by an ion polymer-metal composite actuator.

The current method of controlling the focus of an accommodating intraocular lens is based on ciliary muscle contraction and cannot be used in older patients with presbyopia. We aimed to develop a dynamically accommodating intraocular lens powered by a membrane-shaped ion polymer metal composite actuator that is thin enough to be inserted in the eye. This study addresses two key problems identified in our previous accommodating intraocular lens prototype: the lack of repeatability due to the use of swine lenses instead of artificial lenses and the occurrence of a sixth order aberration.

Influence of refractive status and age on corneal higher-order aberration.

This study aimed to investigate the influence of refractive status and age of patients on corneal higher-order aberrations (HOAs). Four hundred and twenty-six right eyes of 426 patients were enrolled in this study. The mean and standard deviation of patient age was 47.

Factors Influencing Pseudo-Accommodation-The Difference between Subjectively Reported Range of Clear Focus and Objectively Measured Accommodation Range.

The key determinants of the range of clear focus in pre-presbyopes and their relative contributions to the difference between subjective range of focus and objective accommodation assessments have not been previously quantified. Fifty participants (aged 33.0 ± 6.

Safety and efficacy following 10-years of overnight orthokeratology for myopia control.

Purpose: To compare rates of myopia progression and adverse events between orthokeratology (OK) and soft contact lens (SCL) wearers over a 10-year period in schoolchildren.

Methods: Medical records of consecutive patients (≤16 years of age at baseline) who started OK for myopia correction and continued the treatment for 10 years were retrospectively reviewed. For the control group, patients who started using soft contact lenses (SCLs) for myopia correction and continued to use them for 10 years were also reviewed.

Opto-mechanical design of a dispersive artificial eye.

We present an opto-mechanical artificial eye that can be used for examining multi-wavelength ophthalmic instruments. Standard off-the-shelf lenses and a refractive-index-matching fluid were used in the creation of the artificial eye. In addition to dispersive properties, the artificial eye can be used to simulate refractive error.

Evaluation of paraxial forward scattering from intraocular lens with increased surface light scattering using goniophotometry and Hartmann-Shack wavefront aberrometry.

Purpose: To evaluate the influence of increases in light scattering on intraocular lens (IOL) surfaces on paraxial forward scattering using goniophotometry and Hartmann-Shack wavefront aberrometry.

Methods: Surface light scattering was reproduced experimentally by acceleratedly aging 4 intraocular lenses by 0, 3, 5, and 10 years each. Light scattering from both IOL surfaces was measured using Scheimpflug photography.

Voltage-controlled accommodating IOL system using an ion polymer metal composite actuator.

Surgeons treat cataracts by replacing the clouded lens with an intraocular lens (IOL), but patients are required to wear reading glasses for tasks requiring near vision. We suggest a new voltage-controlled accommodating IOL made of an ionic polymer metal composite (IPMC) actuator to change focus. An in vitro experiment was conducted where an actuator was placed inside the eye and moved with applied voltage.

Differences of Longitudinal Chromatic Aberration (LCA) between Eyes with Intraocular Lenses from Different Manufacturers.

Several researchers have studied the longitudinal chromatic aberration (LCA) of eyes implanted with an intraocular lens (IOL). We investigated the LCA of eyes implanted with yellow-colored IOLs from three different manufacturers: Alcon Inc., HOYA Corp.

Verification of the lack of correlation between age and longitudinal chromatic aberrations of the human eye from the visible to the infrared.

Several researchers studied the longitudinal chromatic aberration (LCA) of the human eye and observed that it does not change due to age. We measured the LCA of 45 subjects' normal right eyes at three distinct wavelengths (561, 690, and 840 nm) using a Hartmann-Shack wavefront aberrometer (HSWA) while consecutively switching between three light sources for wavefront sensing. We confirmed that the LCA of the human eye does not change due to age between 22 and 57 years.

Asymmetric wavefront aberrations and pupillary shapes induced by electrical stimulation of ciliary nerve in cats measured with compact wavefront aberrometer.

To investigate the changes in the wavefront aberrations and pupillary shape in response to electrical stimulation of the branches of the ciliary nerves in cats. Seven eyes of seven cats were studied under general anesthesia. Trains of monophasic pulses (current, 0.

Evaluation of electrochemically treated bulk electrodes for a retinal prosthesis by examination of retinal intrinsic signals in cats.

Purpose: Our goal was to determine the feasibility of using electrochemically treated bulk platinum electrodes with large charge injection capacity for a retinal prosthesis.

Methods: Seven eyes of seven cats were studied. Small retinal areas were focally stimulated with electrochemically treated bulk electrodes (φ = 500 µm) placed in a scleral pocket.

Characteristics of retinal reflectance changes induced by transcorneal electrical stimulation in cat eyes.

Transcorneal electrical stimulation (TES) activates retinal neurons leading to visual sensations. How the retinal cells are activated by TES has not been definitively determined. Investigating the reflectance changes of the retina is an established technique and has been used to determine the mechanism of retinal activation.

Four discriminant models for detecting keratoconus pattern using Zernike coefficients of corneal aberrations.

Purpose: We compared the ability of four discriminant models to detect keratoconus (KC) using Zernike coefficients of corneal aberrations.

Methods: We studied 51 eyes with KC, 46 with KC suspect, 50 after laser in situ keratomileusis, and 65 normal eyes. Four statistical discriminant analyses-linear discriminant analysis, k-nearest neighbor algorithm, Mahalanobis distance method, and neural network method-were performed using Zernike coefficients of corneal aberrations obtained by a Placido-based topographer.

Design and validity of a miniaturized open-field aberrometer.

Purpose: To design and validate a new miniaturized open-field wavefront device that can be attached to an ophthalmic surgical microscope or slitlamp.

Setting: Solihull Hospital and Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom.

Design: Comparative noninterventional study.

Serial measurements of accommodation by open-field Hartmann-Shack wavefront aberrometer in eyes with accommodative spasm.

Purpose: To investigate the serial changes of accommodation and spherical aberration in eyes with accommodative spasm.

Methods: Four patients with accommodative spasm and ten healthy subjects were studied. The ocular refractive power (spherical equivalent) and spherical aberration were measured serially with an open-field, binocular Hartmann-Shack wavefront aberrometer.

Adaptive optics dioptric scanning ophthalmoscope with a wider field of view similar to those of normal ophthalmoscopes.

We introduce a newly developed adaptive optics dioptric scanning ophthalmoscope (AO-DSO) in which all powered optical parts were refractive lenses instead of concave or convex mirrors. By designing dioptric optics, we were able to achieve a compact instrument with a 10 deg field of view (FOV10) and 1.5 deg field of view (FOV1.

Characteristic higher-order aberrations of the anterior and posterior corneal surfaces in 3 corneal transplantation techniques.

Purpose: To investigate the corneal higher-order aberrations (HOAs) of the anterior and posterior corneal surfaces in eyes that underwent penetrating keratoplasty (PK), deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK), and Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK).

Design: Retrospective, case-control study.

Methods: study population: Twenty-four eyes underwent PK, 28 eyes underwent DALK, and 19 eyes underwent DSAEK; 29 normal eyes served as controls.

Detection of photoreceptor disruption by adaptive optics fundus imaging and Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography in eyes with occult macular dystrophy.

Purpose: To investigate the structural changes in the photoreceptors by adaptive optics (AO) fundus imaging and Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT) in eyes with occult macular dystrophy (OMD).

Design: Observational case reports.

Methods: Eight eyes of four patients who were diagnosed with OMD were examined.