Publications by authors named "Toshiaki Osato"

Persistent primitive hypoglossal artery is a relatively rare anatomical variation and a type of persistent carotid-basilar anastomosis. Acute internal carotid artery occlusion associated with persistent primitive hypoglossal artery is rare, and atherothrombotic occlusion is extremely rare. We present a case of acute atherothrombotic internal carotid artery occlusion associated with persistent primitive hypoglossal artery that was successfully treated by endovascular treatment.

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Purpose: Persistent primitive anterior choroidal artery (PPAChA) is a rare vascular anomaly. The clinical course of internal carotid artery (ICA)-PPAChA aneurysms has not been well described.

Case Reports: We report two patients with an ICA-PPChA aneurysm and summarize previously reported cases.

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Article Synopsis
  • A rare case of simultaneous bilateral common carotid artery occlusion leading to a fatal stroke is reported in a 90-year-old woman who suddenly fell into a coma.
  • Despite a history of atrial fibrillation, she had not been taking necessary blood-thinning medications and had received prior medical attention for dehydration.
  • Imaging revealed severe cerebral damage, and due to her age and health status, acute treatment was not administered, resulting in her death the following day from brain swelling and extensive infarction.
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Objectives: We aimed to investigate Piezo1 expression in myofibroblasts in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy and its relationship with atherosclerotic plaque formation.

Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed carotid plaques of 17 randomly selected patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy from May 2015 to August 2017. In total, 51 sections (the most stenotic lesion, and the sections 5-mm proximal and distal) stained with hematoxylin-eosin and elastica-Masson were examined.

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Background: Long-term outcomes are unknown in patients with asymptomatic moyamoya disease. In this report, we aimed to clarify their 5-year risk of stroke and its predictors.

Methods: We are conducting a multicenter, prospective cohort study (Asymptomatic Moyamoya Registry) in Japan.

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  • This study evaluated trends over six years in the clinical outcomes of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in Japan, focusing on those treated with either clipping or coiling techniques.
  • It found that in-hospital mortality rates decreased overall, while the percentage of patients undergoing clipping declined, with more patients receiving coiling or remaining untreated.
  • The improvements in Comprehensive Stroke Center capabilities correlated with increased coiling usage but did not affect short-term patient outcomes, indicating a need for further enhancement in care standards.
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  • - The study investigates the link between injury in the long insular artery (LIA) region and the outcomes of patients who underwent surgery for putaminal hemorrhage, a common type of brain hemorrhage.
  • - Researchers analyzed data from 287 surgeries performed between 2004 and 2022, focusing on patients without initial internal capsule damage and comparing outcomes based on LIA damage.
  • - Results showed that patients without LIA damage had significantly better functional recovery, measured by manual muscle test scores, highlighting LIA injury as a crucial factor in predicting prognosis after surgery.
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Organized hematoma, which exhibits a net-like appearance on imaging studies, is one of the predisposing factors for the recurrence of chronic subdural hematoma. Patients who are positive for the net-like appearance are often treated with only burr hole surgery. We investigated the relationship between postoperative structural changes in the net-like appearance and the recurrence rate of chronic subdural hematoma.

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  • Endovascular recanalization is the main method for treating acute embolic strokes, but atherosclerotic occlusions can complicate this treatment, often necessitating only medical therapy which may not be effective.
  • An emergency superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) bypass may be beneficial for selected patients who meet specific criteria, such as having atherosclerotic infarctions and worsening symptoms despite medical treatment.
  • In a study of 35 patients who underwent this urgent bypass between 2014 and 2020, 77.1% achieved gait independence, and significant improvements were seen in stroke severity scores without any serious complications.
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Vertebral artery stump syndrome is rare, but one of the most important causes of posterior circulation stroke. To our knowledge, no optimal treatment for vertebral artery stump syndrome has been established, and there are no reports of long-term follow-up. We describe a 69-year-old man with vertebral artery stump syndrome who attended our hospital because of vertigo.

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  • Agenesis of the left common carotid artery is a rare condition where the left internal and external carotid arteries originate separately from the aorta.
  • A 42-year-old man with left hemiparesis was diagnosed with a right putaminal hemorrhage, and imaging showed this rare arterial anomaly.
  • The condition can cause hemodynamic stress that may lead to complications like intracerebral hemorrhage on the opposite side of the brain.
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  • A 57-year-old woman experienced severe neurological symptoms due to a stroke caused by a free-floating thrombus (FFT) in the internal carotid artery (ICA).
  • Despite initial medical treatment for the embolic infarction, the FFT detached and led to occlusion of the ICA.
  • The blockage was successfully treated with mechanical thrombectomy, highlighting the risks associated with FFTs and the importance of timely intervention strategies.
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Objective: There is limited evidence for mechanical thrombectomy in patients with basilar artery occlusion. Despite recanalization, there are several reports on poor outcomes. Therefore, we retrospectively evaluated the outcomes and examined the predictors of mechanical thrombectomy in patients with basilar artery occlusion.

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Objective: To report the outcomes of thrombectomy for arterial occlusion involving the major arteries of the cerebral anterior circulation when an aspiration catheter (AC) was used in all cases, with the retrieval technique chosen during the procedure.

Methods: Of the 126 patients who underwent endovascular thrombectomy during the 2-year period of 2018-2019, the study subjects were 102 patients with arterial occlusion involving the major arteries of the cerebral anterior circulation. Patients were divided into two groups depending on when the procedure was performed.

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Several basic experimental studies have demonstrated that statins have beneficial effects for intracranial aneurysm (IA). Clinical studies on unruptured IAs, however, remain limited to four retrospective studies that have reached different conclusions. This study was the first open-label, multicenter, randomized controlled trial to assess the preventive effects of atorvastatin.

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Objective: In parent artery occlusion (PAO) for ruptured vertebral artery dissecting aneurysms (RVADA), target embolization using coils in a short segment to occlude only the vasodilated area containing the rupture point is selected as a first-choice procedure at our institute. We focused on RVADA involving the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) and evaluated the treatment results.

Methods: This study consisted of eight cases with RVADA involving the PICA which were treated between October 2007 and January 2020.

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Objective: The usage of oral anticoagulants (OACs) in the acute phase of cerebral infarction has increased, but the optimal timing for starting OACs after mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is unclear. We report the usage of OACs after MT at our hospital and evaluated the outcomes.

Methods: OACs were selected as secondary preventive drugs for 64 patients who underwent MT for anterior circulatory embolism between July 2016 and January 2019.

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Article Synopsis
  • * A systematic review and the modified Delphi method were used to create 29 QIs, and we found that measuring adherence to 6 of these QIs was feasible based on data from over 396,000 stroke patients.
  • * The study revealed significant variation in adherence rates among hospitals, indicating that the DPC database can efficiently collect data for evaluating stroke care quality at a lower cost.
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Background: Hyperventilation is a well-known risk factor of ischemic events in pediatric patients with moyamoya disease. For young children, it is important to avoid crying to prevent ischemic events because of their unstable postoperative hemodynamics. To prevent crying in pediatric patients, we used dexmedetomidine(DEX)for sedation immediately after revascularization surgery.

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Introduction: The number of patients receiving chronic dialysis treatment in Japan currently exceeds 300,000 people. Few reports have described carotid endarterectomy(CEA)for chronic renal failure patients because of the unacceptable rate of perioperative stroke and other morbidities. A strategy for and treatment results of CEA for chronic renal failure patients in our hospital are described herein.

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  • Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) after an acute ischemic stroke poses a significant risk, and this study aimed to identify predictive factors using computed tomography perfusion (CTP) images to determine which patients are at low risk for HT when receiving intravenous rt-PA therapy.
  • Researchers analyzed 68 stroke patients, evaluating clinical features and CTP findings to categorize HT types following an ischemic stroke, focusing on initial time to peak (TTP) mapping as a predictive tool.
  • Results showed that 50% of patients developed HT, with a strong association between a defect on the initial TTP mapping and the occurrence of HT and parenchymal hematoma (PH2), indicating that TTP mapping can effectively help identify patients at risk
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[123I]iomazenil (IMZ) is a specific radioligand for the central benzodiazepine (BZ) receptor that may be useful as a marker of cortical neuron loss after cerebral ischemia using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). This study used statistical imaging analysis for IMZ-SPECT to investigate the relationship between higher brain dysfunction and cortical neuron loss in the medial frontal lobes, to establish a confirmatory diagnosis of higher brain dysfunction in patients with adult moyamoya disease. IMZ-SPECT was estimated by three-dimensional stereotactic surface projections (3D-SSP).

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Development of transdural anastomosis is extremely rare in the patients with atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease. We report a rare case of development of transdural anastomosis after craniotomy in the patient with atherothrombotic carotid occlusion.

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Objective: Acute occlusion of the internal carotid artery (ICA) can lead the massive cerebral hemispheric infarction and cause massive cerebral edema and may result in tentorial herniation and death. The mortality rate is estimated at 80% with maximum conservative medical treatment. We have performed external decompression associated with anterior and medial temporal lobectomy (AMTL) as internal decompression for lifesaving.

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