Fermi and Luttinger Arcs: Two Concepts, Realized on One Surface.

We present an analytically solvable model for correlated electrons, which is able to capture the major Fermi surface modifications occurring in both hole- and electron-doped cuprates as a function of doping. The proposed Hamiltonian qualitatively reproduces the results of numerically demanding many-body calculations, here obtained using the dynamical vertex approximation. Our analytical theory provides a transparent description of a precise mechanism, capable of driving the formation of disconnected segments along the Fermi surface (the highly debated "Fermi arcs"), as well as the opening of a pseudogap in hole and electron doping.

Thermodynamic Stability at the Two-Particle Level.

We show how the stability conditions for a system of interacting fermions that conventionally involve variations of thermodynamic potentials can be rewritten in terms of one- and two-particle correlators. We illustrate the applicability of this alternative formulation in a multiorbital model of strongly correlated electrons at finite temperatures, inspecting the lowest eigenvalues of the generalized local charge susceptibility in proximity of the phase-separation region. Additionally to the conventional unstable branches, we address unstable solutions possessing a positive, rather than negative, compressibility.

A blend of selected botanicals maintains intestinal epithelial integrity and reduces susceptibility to F4 infection by modulating acute and chronic inflammation .

In the pig production cycle, the most delicate phase is weaning, a sudden and early change that requires a quick adaptation, at the cost of developing inflammation and oxidation, especially at the intestinal level. In this period, pathogens like enterotoxigenic (ETEC) contribute to the establishment of diarrhea, with long-lasting detrimental effects. Botanicals and their single bioactive components represent sustainable well-recognized tools in animal nutrition thanks to their wide-ranging beneficial functions.

Dual combined antiviral treatment with remdesivir and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir in patients with impaired humoral immunity and persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Despite global vaccination efforts, immunocompromized patients remain at high risk for COVID-19-associated morbidity. In particular, patients with impaired humoral immunity have shown a high risk of persistent infection. We report a case series of adult patients with B cell malignancies and/or undergoing B cell targeting therapies with persisting SARS-CoV-2 infection and treated with a combination antiviral therapy of remdesivir and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, in three Italian tertiary academic hospitals.

Effects of microencapsulated blend of organic acids and botanicals on growth performance, intestinal barrier function, inflammatory cytokines, and endocannabinoid system gene expression in broiler chickens.

With restricted usage of growth-promoting antibiotics, identifying alternative feed additives that both improve intestinal barrier function and reduce inflammation is the center to improve chickens' health. This study examined the effects of a microencapsulated feed additive containing citric acid, sorbic acids, thymol, and vanillin on intestinal barrier function and inflammation status. A total of 240 birds were assigned to either a commercial control diet or control diet supplemented with 500 g/MT of the microencapsulated additive product.

Phenol-Rich Botanicals Modulate Oxidative Stress and Epithelial Integrity in Intestinal Epithelial Cells.

Botanicals are mainly known for their role as antimicrobials and anti-inflammatories. Thus, the dual purpose of the study was to verify the antioxidant potential of the tested botanicals and to evaluate their possible modulation of intestinal barrier integrity. As the effects of various phenol-rich extracts were screened, the human Caco-2 cell line was determined to be most suitable for use as the in vitro model for the intestinal epithelium.

Should we give antibiotics to neonates with mild non-progressive symptoms? A comparison of serial clinical observation and the neonatal sepsis risk calculator.

Objective: To compare two strategies [the neonatal sepsis risk calculator (NSC) and the updated serial clinical observation approach (SCO)] for the management of asymptomatic neonates at risk of early-onset sepsis (EOS) and neonates with mild non-progressive symptoms in the first hours of life.

Methods: This was a single-center, retrospective cohort study conducted over 15 months (01/01/2019-31/03/2020). All live births at ≥34 weeks of gestation were included.

Mechanism of superconductivity in the Hubbard model at intermediate interaction strength.

We study the fluctuations responsible for pairing in the -wave superconducting state of the two-dimensional Hubbard model at intermediate coupling within a cluster dynamical mean-field theory with a numerically exact quantum impurity solver. By analyzing how momentum- and frequency-dependent fluctuations generate the -wave superconducting state in different representations, we identify antiferromagnetic fluctuations as the pairing glue of superconductivity in both the underdoped and the overdoped regime. Nevertheless, in the intermediate coupling regime, the predominant magnetic fluctuations may differ significantly from those described by conventional spin fluctuation theory.

Predictive model for bacterial co-infection in patients hospitalized for COVID-19: a multicenter observational cohort study.

Objective: The aim of our study was to build a predictive model able to stratify the risk of bacterial co-infection at hospitalization in patients with COVID-19.

Methods: Multicenter observational study of adult patients hospitalized from February to December 2020 with confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis. Endpoint was microbiologically documented bacterial co-infection diagnosed within 72 h from hospitalization.

Patients with HIV and cirrhosis: the risk for hepatocellular carcinoma after direct-acting antivirals for hepatitis C virus.

Objectives: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has become a major issue in coinfected HIV/HCV patients with liver cirrhosis. We aimed to determine the rate of HCC occurrence after a direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment and to evaluate the factors associated with the risk of HCC in this population.

Design: We conducted a retrospective multicenter observational study including cirrhotic HIV/HCV-coinfected patients treated with DAAs, between October 2014 and January 2017.

How to read between the lines of electronic spectra: the diagnostics of fluctuations in strongly correlated electron systems.

While calculations and measurements of single-particle spectral properties often offer the most direct route to study correlated electron systems, the underlying physics may remain quite elusive, if information at higher particle levels is not explicitly included. Here, we present a comprehensive overview of the different approaches which have been recently developed and applied to identify the dominant two-particle scattering processes controlling the shape of the one-particle spectral functions and, in some cases, of the physical response of the system. In particular, we will discuss the underlying general idea, the common threads and the specific peculiarities of all the proposed approaches.

Fingerprints of the Local Moment Formation and its Kondo Screening in the Generalized Susceptibilities of Many-Electron Problems.

We identify the precise hallmarks of the local magnetic moment formation and its Kondo screening in the frequency structure of the generalized charge susceptibility. The sharpness of our identification even pinpoints an alternative criterion to determine the Kondo temperature of strongly correlated systems on the two-particle level, which only requires calculations at the lowest Matsubara frequency. We showcase its strength by applying it to the single impurity and the periodic Anderson model as well as to the Hubbard model.

Cannabinoid and Cannabinoid-Related Receptors in the Myenteric Plexus of the Porcine Ileum.

An important piece of evidence has shown that molecules acting on cannabinoid receptors influence gastrointestinal motility and induce beneficial effects on gastrointestinal inflammation and visceral pain. The aim of this investigation was to immunohistochemically localize the distribution of canonical cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R) and type 2 (CB2R) and the cannabinoid-related receptors transient potential vanilloid receptor 1 (TRPV1), transient potential ankyrin receptor 1 (TRPA1), and serotonin receptor 5-HT1a (5-HT1aR) in the myenteric plexus (MP) of pig ileum. CB1R, TRPV1, TRPA1, and 5-HT1aR were expressed, with different intensities in the cytoplasm of MP neurons.

Attractive Effect of a Strong Electronic Repulsion: The Physics of Vertex Divergences.

While the breakdown of the perturbation expansion for the many-electron problem has several formal consequences, here we unveil its physical effect: flipping the sign of the effective electronic interaction in specific scattering channels. By decomposing local and uniform susceptibilities of the Hubbard model via their spectral representations, we prove how entering the nonperturbative regime causes an enhancement of the charge response, ultimately responsible for the phase-separation instabilities close to the Mott metal-insulator transition. Our analysis opens a new route for understanding phase transitions in the nonperturbative regime and clarifies why attractive effects emerging from a strong repulsion can induce phase separations but not s-wave pairing or charge-density wave instabilities.

Nature-Identical Compounds and Organic Acids Ameliorate and Prevent the Damages Induced by an Inflammatory Challenge in Caco-2 Cell Culture.

Bioactive compounds, such as organic acids (OA) and nature-identical compounds (NIC), can exert a role in the protection of intestinal mucosa functionality due to their biological properties. The aim of this study was to understand the role of 2 OA (citric and sorbic acid) and 2 NIC (thymol and vanillin), alone or combined in a blend (OA + NIC), on intestinal barrier functionality, either during homeostatic condition or during an inflammatory challenge performed with pro-inflammatory cytokines and lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The study was performed on the human epithelial cell line Caco-2, a well-known model of the intestinal epithelial barrier.