Inferring murine cerebrospinal fluid flow using artificial intelligence velocimetry with moving boundaries and uncertainty quantification.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow is crucial for clearing metabolic waste from the brain, a process whose dysregulation is linked to neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's. Traditional approaches like particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) are limited by their reliance on single-plane two-dimensional measurements, which fail to capture the complex dynamics of CSF flow fully. To overcome these limitations, we employ artificial intelligence velocimetry (AIV) to reconstruct three-dimensional velocities, infer pressure and wall shear stress and quantify flow rates.

Trapping and Sympathetic Cooling of Conformationally Selected Molecular Ions.

We report the generation, trapping, and sympathetic cooling of individual conformers of molecular ions with the example of cis- and trans- meta-aminostyrene. Following conformationally selective photoionization, the incorporation of the conformers into a Coulomb crystal of laser-cooled calcium ions was confirmed by fluorescence imaging, mass spectrometry, and molecular dynamics simulations. We deduce the molecules to be stable in the trap environment for more than ten minutes.

Rotational-state-selected Carbon Astrochemistry.

The addition of individual quanta of rotational excitation to a molecule has been shown to markedly change its reactivity by significantly modifying the intermolecular interactions. So far, it has only been possible to observe these rotational effects in a very limited number of systems due to lack of rotational selectivity in chemical reaction experiments. The recent development of rotationally controlled molecular beams now makes such investigations possible for a wide range of systems.

Decoding speech sounds from neurophysiological data: Practical considerations and theoretical implications.

Machine learning techniques have proven to be a useful tool in cognitive neuroscience. However, their implementation in scalp-recorded electroencephalography (EEG) is relatively limited. To address this, we present three analyses using data from a previous study that examined event-related potential (ERP) responses to a wide range of naturally-produced speech sounds.

β-Galactosidase-activated nitroxyl (HNO) donors provide insights into redox cross-talk in senescent cells.

The cross-talk among reductive and oxidative species (redox cross-talk), especially those derived from sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen, influence several physiological processes including aging. One major hallmark of aging is cellular senescence, which is associated with chronic systemic inflammation. Here, we report a chemical tool that generates nitoxyl (HNO) upon activation by β-galactosidase, an enzyme that is over-expressed in senescent cells.

Cost-effectiveness of personalised telehealth intervention for chronic disease management: A pilot randomised controlled trial.

Objective: The study aims to assess the cost-effectiveness of a personalised telehealth intervention to manage chronic disease in the long run.

Method: The Personalised Health Care (PHC) pilot study was a randomised trial with an economic evaluation alongside over 12 months. From a health service perspective, the primary analysis compared the costs and effectiveness of PHC telehealth monitoring with usual care.

Breath analysis by ultra-sensitive broadband laser spectroscopy detects SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Rapid testing is essential to fighting pandemics such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Exhaled human breath contains multiple volatile molecules providing powerful potential for non-invasive diagnosis of diverse medical conditions. We investigated breath detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection using cavity-enhanced direct frequency comb spectroscopy (CE-DFCS), a state-of-the-art laser spectroscopic technique capable of a real-time massive collection of broadband molecular absorption features at ro-vibrational quantum state resolution and at parts-per-trillion volume detection sensitivity.

Photochemical Release of Hydropersulfides.

Hydropersulfides (RSSH) have received significant interest in the field of redox biology because of their intriguing biochemical properties. However, because RSSH are inherently unstable, their study is challenging, and as a result, the details of their physiological roles remain ill-defined. Herein, we report strategies to release RSSH utilizing photoremovable protecting groups.

Hydropersulfides Inhibit Lipid Peroxidation and Protect Cells from Ferroptosis.

Hydropersulfides (RSSH) are believed to serve important roles , including as scavengers of damaging oxidants and electrophiles. The α-effect makes RSSH not only much better nucleophiles than thiols (RSH), but also much more potent H-atom transfer agents. Since HAT is the mechanism of action of the most potent small-molecule inhibitors of phospholipid peroxidation and associated ferroptotic cell death, we have investigated their reactivity in this context.

The reaction of hydropersulfides (RSSH) with S-nitrosothiols (RS-NO) and the biological/physiological implications.

S-Nitrosothiol (RS-NO) generation/levels have been implicated as being important to numerous physiological and pathophysiological processes. As such, the mechanism(s) of their generation and degradation are important factors in determining their biological activity. Along with the effects on the activity of thiol proteins, RS-NOs have also been reported to be reservoirs or storage forms of nitric oxide (NO).

Hydropersulfides (RSSH) Outperform Post-Conditioning and Other Reactive Sulfur Species in Limiting Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in the Isolated Mouse Heart.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS) exhibits protective effects in cardiovascular disease such as myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, cardiac hypertrophy, and atherosclerosis. Despite these findings, its mechanism of action remains elusive. Recent studies suggest that HS can modulate protein activity through redox-based post-translational modifications of protein cysteine residues forming hydropersulfides (RSSH).

Comparison of ovine β-globin haplotype sequences and a new multiplex PCR for identification.

Deletion of pre-adult β-globin in sheep harboring BB haplotype of β-globin was associated to decreased tolerance to anemia and hypoxia, and consequently, reduced resistance to Haemonchus contortus infection, which is closely related to severe anemia. Recently, a qPCR using hydrolysis probe was successfully developed for β-globin haplotype identification, and association between resistance against H. contortus and presence of β allele was observed in Morada Nova sheep.

Ultrasensitive multispecies spectroscopic breath analysis for real-time health monitoring and diagnostics.

Breath analysis enables rapid, noninvasive diagnostics, as well as long-term monitoring of human health, through the identification and quantification of exhaled biomarkers. Here, we demonstrate the remarkable capabilities of mid-infrared (mid-IR) cavity-enhanced direct-frequency comb spectroscopy (CE-DFCS) applied to breath analysis. We simultaneously detect and monitor as a function of time four breath biomarkers-[Formula: see text]OH, [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]O, and HDO-as well as illustrate the feasibility of detecting at least six more ([Formula: see text]CO, [Formula: see text], OCS, [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text]) without modifications to the experimental apparatus.

Development of Hydropersulfide Donors to Study Their Chemical Biology.

Hydropersulfides (RSSH) are ubiquitous in prokaryotes, eukaryotic cells, and mammalian tissues. The unique chemical properties and prevalent nature of these species suggest a crucial role of RSSH in cell regulatory processes, yet little is known about their physiological functions. Examining the biological roles of RSSH species is challenging because of their inherent instability.

Alkylsulfenyl thiocarbonates: precursors to hydropersulfides potently attenuate oxidative stress.

The recent discovery of the prevalence of hydropersulfides (RSSH) species in biological systems suggests their potential roles in cell regulatory processes. However, the reactive and transient nature of RSSH makes their study difficult, and dependent on the use of donor molecules. Herein, we report alkylsulfenyl thiocarbonates as a new class of RSSH precursors that efficiently release RSSH under physiologically relevant conditions.

Rethinking the McGurk effect as a perceptual illusion.

Visual speech cues play an important role in speech recognition, and the McGurk effect is a classic demonstration of this. In the original McGurk & Macdonald (Nature 264, 746-748 1976) experiment, 98% of participants reported an illusory "fusion" percept of /d/ when listening to the spoken syllable /b/ and watching the visual speech movements for /g/. However, more recent work shows that subject and task differences influence the proportion of fusion responses.