Purpose: Restoration of joint congruity has been shown to be an important factor in the prevention of arthritis in patients with Bennett's fracture. It is for this reason that surgical management is generally recommended for displaced intra-articular fractures of the base of the thumb metacarpal. Adequacy of closed reduction after pinning of Bennett's fracture is usually evaluated by fluoroscopic examination.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImplants available for distal radius fracture fixation include dorsal nonlocked plating (DNLP), volar locked plating (VLP), radial-ulnar dual-column locked plating (DCPs), and locked intramedullary fixation (IMN). This study examines the biomechanical properties of these four different fixation constructs. In 28 fresh-frozen radii, a wedge osteotomy was performed, creating an unstable fracture model and the four fixation constructs employed (DNLP, VLP, DCPs, and IMN).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe lag screw technique has historically been a successful and accepted way to treat oblique metacarpal fractures. However, it does take additional time and involve multiple steps that can increase the risk of fracture propagation or comminution in the small hand bones of the hand. An alternate fixation technique uses bicortical interfragmentary screws.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: The purpose of this study is to quantify finger/digit rotation, overlap, parallelism, and convergence to the scaphoid tuberosity in normal volunteers to establish standards for comparison.
Methods: We examined 240 uninjured fingers in 30 volunteers. There were 14 men and 16 women with an average age of 35 years.
Purpose: Proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint fracture-dislocations are complex injuries, and successful surgical treatment can be challenging. The hamate appears to be an appropriate graft based on its general shape and dimensions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the rationale and suitability of the hamate as an autograft for proximal interphalangeal joint fracture-dislocations and to determine the inherent stability of the donor site after graft harvesting.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Antiretroviral tolerability is a critical factor contributing to treatment outcome. The T-20 Versus Optimized Background Regimen Only (TORO) studies assessed the safety and efficacy of enfuvirtide in treatment-experienced HIV-1-infected patients.
Methods: A total of 997 patients were randomized at a 2:1 ratio to an optimized background antiretroviral regimen plus enfuvirtide (n = 663) or an optimized background regimen alone (control group; n = 334).
Enfuvirtide (Fuzeon) is an HIV fusion inhibitor, the first drug in a new class of antiretrovirals. The HIV protease inhibitors ritonavir and saquinavir both inhibit cytochrome P450 (CYP450) isoenzymes, and low-dose ritonavir is often used to boost pharmacokinetic exposure to full-dose protease inhibitors. These two studies were designed to assess whether ritonavir and ritonavir-boosted saquinavir influence the steady-state pharmacokinetics of enfuvirtide.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Enfuvirtide is the first drug to block human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) glycoprotein 41-mediated viral fusion to host cells. This study investigated whether enfuvirtide can influence the activities of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in HIV-1-infected patients.
Methods: An open-label, 1-sequence crossover study was conducted in 12 HIV-1-infected adults, by use of a 5-drug cocktail consisting of caffeine, chlorzoxazone, dapsone, debrisoquin (INN, debrisoquine), and mephenytoin to assess the activities of CYP1A2, CYP2E1, CYP3A4, CYP2D6, and CYP2C19, respectively.
The primary objective was to determine whether rifampicin influences the pharmacokinetics of enfuvirtide in HIV-1-infected patients. In a single-center, open-label, one-sequence crossover, clinical pharmacology study, 12 HIV-1-infected adults received enfuvirtide (90 mg, twice daily) on days 1 to 3 and days 11 to 13 (morning dose only on days 3 and 13) and rifampicin (600 mg, once daily) from days 4 to 13. Plasma concentrations were measured for enfuvirtide and its metabolite (days 3 and 13) and rifampicin (day 13 only).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: To develop a clinical decision rule (entitled BREASTAID) that will predict the probability of malignancy in women with palpable solid breast masses.
Summary Background Data: Currently, 80% of open breast biopsies are benign, resulting in excessive economic, psychologic, and physical morbidity.
Methods: A total of 452 solid breast masses were evaluated in a surgical breast clinic between November 1994 and February 1998.
J Am Acad Dermatol
November 2003
Background: Enfuvirtide is the first of a new class of antiretroviral agents for the treatment of HIV-1 infection, called the fusion inhibitors. The most common type of adverse event associated with enfuvirtide treatment is injection site reactions, occurring in up to 98% of patients. Many of these lesions are symptomatic.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Enfuvirtide is the first in a new class of antiretrovirals (ARVs), the fusion inhibitors, and the first ARV to be administered by subcutaneous (s.c.) injection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe report a case of acute Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) associated with a prompt and vigorous immune reconstitution and decrease in the virus load noted during treatment with a potent regimen of highly active antiretroviral therapy. We hypothesize that GBS may have been due to an aberrant immune response or an adverse drug reaction in association with preexisting peripheral neurologic disease.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: Enfuvirtide (T-20) is the first of a novel class of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) drugs that block gp41-mediated viral fusion to host cells. The objectives of this study were to develop a structural pharmacokinetic model that would adequately characterize the absorption and disposition of enfuvirtide pharmacokinetics after both intravenous and subcutaneous administration and to evaluate the dose proportionality of enfuvirtide pharmacokinetic parameters at a subcutaneous dose higher than that currently used in phase III studies.
Methods: Twelve patients with HIV infection received 4 single doses of enfuvirtide separated by a 1-week washout period in an open-label, randomized, 4-way crossover fashion.