A Randomized Controlled Trial for the Intervention Effect of Early Exercise Therapy on Axial Pain after Cervical Laminoplasty.

Introduction: Cervical isometric muscle strengthening and cervical range of motion (ROM) training are recommended after laminoplasty (LP). However, their preventive effects on axial pain are unclear. We examined whether neck extension muscle strengthening and cervical ROM training from the early postoperative period effectively suppress postoperative axial pain.

Can Hip-Knee Line Angle Distinguish the Size of Pelvic Incidence?-Development of Quick Noninvasive Assessment Tool for Pelvic Incidence Classification.

This study aimed to explore effective measurement angles for pelvic incidence (PI) classification and to develop a quick, noninvasive assessment tool for PI classification. We defined five variation types of hip-knee line (HKL) angles and tested the discrimination ability of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis using 125 photographs of upright standing posture from the right lateral side. ROC analysis revealed an applicable HKL angle defined by the line connecting the most raised part of the buttock and the central point of the knee and the midthigh line.

[Behavioral assessments in infancy/toddlerhood and autism spectrum disorder: Effectiveness of a semi-structured behavioral observation incorporated into a legal health examination].

Objectives　We investigated the relationship between the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) based on legal health examinations and semi-structured behavioral observations conducted by the Social Attention and Communication Surveillance-Japan (SACS-J), wherein public health nurses evaluated sociality, verbal communication development, and tool employment in infants and toddlers through interactive play.Methods　Public health nurses evaluated the behavioral features of 372 babies. These babies were born in 2011 or 2012 in a town, received a routine of legal health examinations at one and a half year (20 months) and at three years (38 months), and remained traceable until December 2016.

Early childhood behavioral features that discriminate autism from other developmental problems in Japan.

Problem: The criteria for early detection of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and its discrimination from other developmental problems (ODP) are not clear. The Social Attention and Communication Study, which identified methods for early identification of ASD in community settings, was modified to the Japanese situation, and we examined its discriminant validity.

Methods: This study followed a cohort of newborns in one town for 4 years.

Bipolar Mood Tendency and Frontal Activation Using a Multichannel Near Infrared Spectroscopy.

Unlabelled: This study aims to examine the association of frontal functioning with subclinical bipolar spectrum by a newly developed convenient method. We investigated subclinical bipolar tendency and frontal lobe activation during word productions using multi-channel near infrared spectroscopy.

Participants: 44 healthy university students (mean ages 20.

Magnetoencephalography study of the effect of attention modulation on somatosensory processing in patients with major depressive disorder.

Aims: Although affective and/or attention modulation of somatosensory processing has been well studied, the biological bases of somatic symptoms in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) have rarely been examined. To elucidate changes in somatosensory processing underlying somatic symptoms in patients with MDD, we conducted a magnetoencephalography study of patients with MDD and healthy controls.

Methods: After median nerve stimulation, somatosensory evoked fields (SEF) were recorded in 10 patients with MDD and 10 sex-, age-, and height-matched healthy volunteers under somatosensory attending, visually attending, and non-attending conditions.

Differential relationships between personality and brain function in monetary and goal-oriented subjective motivation: multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy of healthy subjects.

Aim: To examine relationships between personality traits and cerebral cortex reactivity under different motivating conditions.

Methods: Relationships between personality traits assessed using the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO-PI-R) and cerebral cortex reactivity during a verbal fluency task monitored using multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) were examined under three different motivational conditions: control, monetary reward, and goal-oriented, in healthy young male volunteers.

Results: Significant correlations between cerebral cortex reactivity and personality traits were found in the frontopolar region: a positive correlation with agreeableness and a negative correlation with the neuroticism and conscientiousness scores of the NEO-PI-R under the three motivational conditions.

Associations among parenting experiences during childhood and adolescence, hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis hypoactivity, and hippocampal gray matter volume reduction in young adults.

Recent human studies have indicated that adverse parenting experiences during childhood and adolescence are associated with adulthood hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hypoactivity. Chronic HPA axis hypoactivity inhibits hippocampal gray matter (GM) development, as shown by animal studies. However, associations among adverse parenting experiences during childhood and adolescence, HPA axis activity, and brain development, particularly hippocampal development, are insufficiently investigated in humans.

Micropolygyria in an infant born to a patient with severe anorexia nervosa: a case report.

We report the case of an anorexia nervosa (AN) patient with extremely low body weight who became pregnant following ovulation induction and subsequently delivered an infant with micropolygyria. To the best of our knowledge, no previous report has described live birth for a patient with such low body weight. The patient underwent hMG-hCG therapy for ovulation induction.

Relationship of parental bonding styles with gray matter volume of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in young adults.

Previous epidemiologic studies using the parental bonding instrument (PBI), a self-report scale to rate attitudes of parents during the first 16 years, have suggested that a lower parental care score or higher parental overprotection score could lead to an increased risk of several psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia and mood disorder. However, neuroimaging studies of an association between PBI scores and brain developmental abnormalities are still limited. In this region-of-interest analysis study using a cross-sectional design, we examined 50 normal young adults, in terms of relationships of parental bonding styles during the first 16 years measured by PBI with regional gray matter (GM) volume in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC).

Dieting tendency and eating behavior problems in eating disorder correlate with right frontotemporal and left orbitofrontal cortex: a near-infrared spectroscopy study.

Frontal lobe dysfunctions have been implicated as one of the pathophysiological bases in eating disorder (ED). Neural substrates of ED have been examined in neuroimaging studies employing symptom-related stimuli, such as food and body-image distortion, but with inconsistent results because of differences in study design, task, and stimulus used. In order to elucidate frontal lobe dysfunction correlates of clinical symptoms in ED, we examined the frontal lobe function during a cognitive task, not a symptom-related task, using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), which is suitable for the functional neuroimaging study of ED because of its complete noninvasiveness and natural measurement setting.

Follow-up study of female delinquent adolescents in a detention centre: effectiveness of psychiatric intervention as a mental health service.

Results: of previous studies suggest that many female offenders have co-morbid psychiatric disorders, which require mental health services. However, few longitudinal studies examined subjects during incarceration or detention. This study compares depressive symptoms, abnormal eating behaviour and impulsivity before release from a detention centre and after incarceration, thereby indicating the effectiveness of psychiatric intervention in a Japanese detention centre.

Preattentive dysfunction in major depression: a magnetoencephalography study using auditory mismatch negativity.

Information processing deficits in major depressive disorder have been infrequently examined electrophysiologically. Its preattentive and sensory information processing was examined using mismatch field (MMNm) and P1m components, respectively, by magnetoencephalography. Fourteen major depressive disorder patients and 19 healthy volunteers participated in the study.

Decreased cortical reactivity underlies subjective daytime light sleepiness in healthy subjects: a multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy study.

Daytime sleepiness is considered to be one of the main problems in modern society. Of the four aspects of sleepiness, namely, subjective sleepiness, performance decrease, sleep propensity, and arousal decrease, subjective sleepiness is the most difficult to assess. Brain mechanisms underlying subjective light sleepiness in daytime were investigated in healthy subjects using multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), which enables the noninvasive measurement of regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV) changes under natural conditions.

Trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder in delinquent female adolescents.

Background: Although juveniles within the justice system have high psychiatric morbidity, few comprehensive investigations have shown posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in female delinquents. Here, we aim to describe the nature and extent of PTSD and trauma exposure and to clarify the relationships among comorbidity and psychosocial factors in juvenile female offenders.

Method: Sixty-four girls were randomly interviewed using structured tools.

Time courses of brain activation and their implications for function: a multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy study during finger tapping.

The time courses of brain activation were monitored during a finger tapping task using multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy with a time resolution of 0.1s in 30 healthy volunteers. Task-induced brain activations were demonstrated as significant increases in oxygenated hemoglobin concentration ([oxy-Hb]) in a broad area around the motor cortex and significant decreases in deoxygenated hemoglobin concentration ([deoxy-Hb]) in a more restricted area, with a large degree of activation in the contralateral hemisphere.

[Application and potential of day hospital treatment for patients with eating disorders--a questionnaire survey on the day hospital program in Japan].

Eating disorders (ED) is an important cause of physical and psychological morbidity in 21st century mental health. Recent advances of day treatment for eating disorders in North America, Germany, and Australia advocate us to investigate the utility and possibility of the Day Hospital Program (DHP) in Japan. We reviewed previous reports and summarized the advantages and disadvantages of this approach.

Frontal lobe function in bipolar disorder: a multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy study.

Frontal lobe dysfunction has been implicated as one of the pathophysiological bases of bipolar disorder. Detailed time courses of brain activation in the bipolar disorder group were investigated using multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), a recently developed functional neuroimaging technology with a high time resolution, and were compared with those in the major depression and healthy control groups. Seventeen patients with bipolar disorder, 11 equally depressed patients with major depression, and 17 healthy controls participated in the study.

Increased and decreased cortical reactivities in novelty seeking and persistence: a multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy study in healthy subjects.

Background: Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has enabled completely noninvasive measurements of regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV) changes in cortices. In the present study, we investigated the relationships between rCBV changes assessed with NIRS and two dimensions of personality, novelty seeking and persistence.

Methods: Thirty right-handed healthy volunteers participated in the study.

Sex and age dependencies of cerebral blood volume changes during cognitive activation: a multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy study.

In this study, we measured the change in cerebral hemoglobin concentrations during a cognitive task using multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), and investigated the relationship between regional cerebral blood volume and sex, age, and task performance. Thirty-nine healthy volunteers (24 males and 15 females; mean age, 33.0 years) participated after giving their informed consent and performed a word fluency task.

Multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy in depression and schizophrenia: cognitive brain activation study.

Background: Recent developments in near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) have enabled the noninvasive clarification of brain functions in psychiatric disorders with measurement of hemoglobin concentrations as cerebral blood volume.

Methods: Ten patients with depression, 13 patients with schizophrenia, and 16 age- and gender-matched healthy control subjects participated in the study after giving consent. The relative concentrations of oxyhemoglobin [oxyHb] were measured with frontal and temporal probes every.

[Establishing biological markers for diagnosis and treatment of depression: possible availability of PET, NIRS, and DST].

Current diagnosis of depression depends on its clinical symptoms and signs, not on the results of any laboratory examinations. Establishing biological markers for diagnosis and treatment of depression is one of the most important problems to be solved in psychiatry practice. Near infrared spectroscopy(NIRS) is one of the recently developed methodologies, and can measure cerebral blood volumes simultaneously in multiple points with high time resolution.

Factor-analytic study of the Anorectic Behavior Observation Scale in Japan: comparisons with the original Belgian study.

The Anorectic Behavior Observation Scale (ABOS) is a questionnaire developed to obtain information from relatives about behaviors and attitudes of patients with eating disorders. The original report of the ABOS revealed three factors. This is the first study to confirm the factor structure by use of confirmatory analyses.