Longitudinal change in mismatch negativity (MMN) but not in gamma-band auditory steady-state response (ASSR) is associated with psychological difficulties in adolescence.

Adolescence is a critical period for psychological difficulties. Auditory mismatch negativity (MMN) and gamma-band auditory steady-state response (ASSR) are representative electrophysiological indices that mature during adolescence. However, the longitudinal association between MMN/ASSR and psychological difficulties among adolescents remains unclear.

Association of Initial Potassium Levels with the Type of Stroke in the Emergency Department.

Serum potassium levels are considered as a marker of cerebrovascular emergencies but there is less clarity on the association between initial serum potassium levels recorded on patient's arrival at the emergency department with the type of stroke. This is a case-control study using data of a tertiary care hospital in Japan from April 2018 to September 2019. We identified adult patients with hemorrhagic stroke including subarachnoid hemorrhage (cases) and those with ischemic stroke (controls).

Time in blood glucose range 70 to 180 mg/dL and survival rate in critically ill patients: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: While time in targeted blood glucose range (TIR) 70-140 mg/dL is a known factor associated with mortality in critically ill patients, it remains unclear whether TIR is associated with 28-day mortality under the glycemic control with a less tight target glucose range of 70-180 mg/dL. We aimed to examine whether TIR 70-180 mg/dL was associated with 28-day mortality.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study using data from a tertiary care center in Japan collected from January 2016 through October 2019.

Clinical Utility of Bile Duct Axis Deviation for Differential Diagnosis Between Pancreatic Head Cancer and Bile Duct Cancer.

Backgrounds: Differential diagnosis between pancreatic head cancer (PHC) and intrapancreatic bile duct cancer (BDC) is important, but no clinical standard has been established. Here we examine the diagnostic utility of bile duct axis deviation and other clinical factors for this differential diagnosis.

Methods: This study enrolled patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy for PHC or BDC at our center between 2009 and 2016.

Institution-Specific Machine Learning Models for Prehospital Assessment to Predict Hospital Admission: Prediction Model Development Study.

Background: Although multiple prediction models have been developed to predict hospital admission to emergency departments (EDs) to address overcrowding and patient safety, only a few studies have examined prediction models for prehospital use. Development of institution-specific prediction models is feasible in this age of data science, provided that predictor-related information is readily collectable.

Objective: We aimed to develop a hospital admission prediction model based on patient information that is commonly available during ambulance transport before hospitalization.

Validation of chief complaints, medical history, medications, and physician diagnoses structured with an integrated emergency department information system in Japan: the Next Stage ER system.

Aim: Emergency department information systems (EDIS) facilitate free-text data use for clinical research; however, no study has validated whether the Next Stage ER system (NSER), an EDIS used in Japan, accurately translates electronic medical records (EMRs) into structured data.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study using data from the emergency department (ED) of a tertiary care hospital from 2018 to 2019. We used EMRs of 500 random samples from 27,000 ED visits during the study period.

Social withdrawal and testosterone levels in early adolescent boys.

Social withdrawal may lead to mental health problems and can have a large impact on a life course, particularly among boys. To support adolescents with social withdrawal, an integrative understanding of the biological bases would be helpful. Social dominance, a possible opposite of social withdrawal, is known to have positive associations with testosterone levels.

Outcomes of laparoscopic cholecystectomy for xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis.

Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (XGC) is a rare inflammatory disease of the gallbladder with distinct histopathological characteristics. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is currently the standard treatment for gallbladder disease. However, the outcomes of LC for XGC have not been completely investigated, due to the rarity of XGC.

The influence of excluding patients with bystander return of spontaneous circulation in the current OHCA database.

Background: The effect of bystander interventions has been extensively evaluated by cerebral function after 1 month post-resuscitation. However, patients who received bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (BCPR) and achieved the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) before the arrival of the emergency medical system (EMS) are routinely defined with an unknown electrocardiogram (ECG) and are usually excluded before analysis. The aim is to determine the influence of excluding patients with unknown first monitored rhythm, which includes cases of bystander ROSC, from the out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) database.

Dietary Inflammatory Index Is Associated with Risk of All-Cause and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality but Not with Cancer Mortality in Middle-Aged and Older Japanese Adults.

Background: The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) is a comprehensive, literature-derived index for assessing the effect of dietary constituents on inflammatory biomarkers. Several studies have shown an association between DII score and mortality, but there are limited prospective studies in Asian populations.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between DII score and risk of all-cause, total cardiovascular disease (CVD), stroke, coronary heart disease (CHD), total cancer, digestive cancer, and noncancer/non-CVD mortality in the Japanese population.

Predictive Factors of Postoperative Delirium in Patients After Pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Background: Postoperative delirium is a common serious complication after various types of surgery. However, the incidence and predictive factors associated with delirium after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) have not been investigated. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the incidence and predictive factors of postoperative delirium in patients who underwent PD.

Population-neuroscience study of the Tokyo TEEN Cohort (pn-TTC): Cohort longitudinal study to explore the neurobiological substrates of adolescent psychological and behavioral development.

Aim: Adolescence is a crucial stage of psychological development and is critically vulnerable to the onset of psychopathology. Our understanding of how the maturation of endocrine, epigenetics, and brain circuit may underlie psychological development in adolescence, however, has not been integrated. Here, we introduce our research project, the population-neuroscience study of the Tokyo TEEN Cohort (pn-TTC), a longitudinal study to explore the neurobiological substrates of development during adolescence.

Association between average daily television viewing time and the incidence of ovarian cancer: findings from the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study.

Purpose: Seventy-five percent of epidemiological studies have reported that sedentary behavior is associated with ovarian cancer incidence. Although Japan has one of the most sedentary populations, with median sitting times of 7 h/day, this association has not been investigated. This study aimed to elucidate the association between average daily television (TV) viewing time, which is a major sedentary behavior, and the incidence of ovarian cancer in a large-scale nationwide cohort study in Japan.

Surgical Apgar score for predicting complications after hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: Surgical Apgar score (SAS) was recently proposed as a simple predictor of postoperative complications. A few studies have shown the utility of the SAS in some kinds of surgeries, but it has not been investigated in patients undergoing hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods: This study included 158 patients undergoing hepatectomy for HCC.

Alcohol consumption and mortality from aortic disease among Japanese men: The Japan Collaborative Cohort study.

Background And Aims: Only a few population-based prospective studies have examined the association between alcohol consumption and abdominal aortic aneurysm, and the results are inconsistent. Moreover, no evidence exists for aortic dissection. We examined the effect of alcohol consumption on risk of mortality from aortic diseases.

Favorable neurological outcomes by early epinephrine administration within 19 minutes after EMS call for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients.

Objective: To evaluate the time-independent effect of the early administration of epinephrine (EPI) on favorable neurological outcome (as CPC [cerebral performance category] 1-2) at 1 month in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

Materials And Methods: A total of 119 639 witnessed cardiac arrest patients from 2008 to 2012 were eligible for this nationwide, prospective, population-based observational study. Patients were divided into EPI group (n = 20 420) and non-EPI group (n = 99 219).