Aberrant cell adhesiveness due to DNA hypermethylation of KLF11 in papillary urothelial carcinomas.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to clarify DNA methylation profiles determining the clinicopathological diversity of urothelial carcinomas.

Methods: Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis was performed using the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip in 46 paired samples of non-cancerous urothelium (N) and corresponding cancerous tissue (T), and 26 samples of normal control urothelium obtained from patients without urothelial carcinomas (C). For genes of interest, correlation between DNA methylation and mRNA expression was examined using the Cancer Genome Atlas database.

Effect of Monomer Sequence along Network Chains on Thermoresponsive Properties of Polymer Gels.

The effect of monomer sequence along the network chain on the swelling behavior of polymer gels should be clarified for the advanced control of swelling properties of gel materials. To this end, we systematically investigated the swelling properties of poly(acrylamide derivative) gels with the same composition but different monomer sequence by utilizing two gel synthetic methods: copolymerization giving a random network and co-crosslinking giving a blocky network. Both of the copolymerization and the co-crosslinking gels were prepared from the combination of two of the three following monomers: hydrophilic ,-dimethylacrylamide (DMAAm), hydrophobic --butylacrylamide (NBAAm), and thermoresponsive -isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) with various monomer compositions.

9 + 0 and 9 + 2 cilia are randomly dispersed in the mouse node.

The initial determination of left-right asymmetry is an essential process in embryonic development. In mouse embryo, cilia in the node play an important role generating the nodal flow that subsequently triggers left-right determination in the embryo. Although nodal cilia have historically been thought to have a 9 + 0 axonemal configuration, the existence of 9 + 2 cilia has been reported so far.