Green upgrading of SPring-8 to produce stable, ultrabrilliant hard X-ray beams.

SPring-8-II is a major upgrade project of SPring-8 that was inaugurated in October 1997 as a third-generation synchrotron radiation light source. This upgrade project aims to achieve three goals simultaneously: achievement of excellent light source performance, refurbishment of aged systems, and significant reduction in power consumption for the entire facility. A small emittance of 50 pm rad will be achieved by (1) replacing the existing double-bend lattice structure with a five-bend achromat one, (2) lowering the stored beam energy from 8 to 6 GeV, (3) increasing the horizontal damping partition number from 1 to 1.

An autopsy case of lung adenocarcinoma with immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced pneumonia and fulminant myocarditis following pembrolizumab administration: a case report.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are the current standard of care for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Myocarditis is a rare but serious immune-related adverse event (irAE) associated with ICI therapy. We present a patient who received a single dose of pembrolizumab for NSCLC and developed ICI-associated pneumonia.

Seeded stimulated X-ray emission at 5.9 keV.

X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) provide intense pulses that can generate stimulated X-ray emission, a phenomenon that has been observed and studied in materials ranging from neon to copper. Two schemes have been employed: amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) and seeded stimulated emission (SSE), where a second color XFEL pulse provides the seed. Both phenomena are currently explored for coherent X-ray laser sources and spectroscopy.

Right-sided iliac vein compression syndrome: when the vein is compressed between the internal and external iliac arteries-a case report.

Background: In its normal anatomical relationship, the inferior vena cava is located on the right side of the abdominal aorta. Iliac vein compression syndrome (IVCS) is a pathological condition in which a blood clot is formed due to blood flow obstruction when the left common iliac vein is compressed between the right common iliac artery and the vertebral body. Therefore, right-sided IVCS (RIVCS) is rare.

Bundling of collagen fibrils influences osteocyte network formation during bone modeling.

Osteocytes form a cellular network by gap junctions between their cell processes. This network is important since intercellular communication via the network is essential for bone metabolism. However, the factors that influence the formation of this osteocyte network remain unknown.

Spectral-brightness optimization of an X-ray free-electron laser by machine-learning-based tuning.

A machine-learning-based beam optimizer has been implemented to maximize the spectral brightness of the X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) pulses of SACLA. A new high-resolution single-shot inline spectrometer capable of resolving features of the order of a few electronvolts was employed to measure and evaluate XFEL pulse spectra. Compared with a simple pulse-energy-based optimization, the spectral width was narrowed by half and the spectral brightness was improved by a factor of 1.

"Happy Heart Syndrome" Followed Up with Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

We herein report a 49-year-old woman who developed "happy heart syndrome" while watching a family theater performance. She was followed up with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR). The time course of the CMR findings was similar to that previously reported for Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC), including the form of "broken heart syndrome.

Adjustment of creatinine clearance for carboplatin dosing in Calvert's formula and clinical efficacy for lung cancer.

Background: The Cockcroft-Gault formula is commonly used as a substitute for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in Calvert's formula for carboplatin dosing, where adjusting serum creatinine measured using the enzymatic method with 0.2 mg/dL has been suggested in Japan. However, the effects of these adjustments on efficacy in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer remain unknown.

Controlling the Deposition Process of Nanoarchitectonic Nanocomposites Based on {NbTaX} Octahedral Cluster-Based Building Blocks (X = Cl, Br; 0 ≤ x ≤ 6, n = 2, 3, 4) for UV-NIR Blockers Coating Applications.

The antagonism between global energy needs and the obligation to slow global warming is a current challenge. In order to ensure sufficient thermal comfort, the automotive, housing and agricultural building sectors are major energy consumers. Solar control materials and more particularly, selective glazing are part of the solutions proposed to reduce global energy consumption and tackle global warming.

Delayed Onset and Directionality of X-Ray-Induced Atomic Displacements Observed on Subatomic Length Scales.

Transient structural changes of Al_{2}O_{3} on subatomic length scales following irradiation with an intense x-ray laser pulse (photon energy: 8.70 keV; pulse duration: 6 fs; fluence: 8×10^{2}  J/cm^{2}) have been investigated by using an x-ray pump x-ray probe technique. The measurement reveals that aluminum and oxygen atoms remain in their original positions by ∼20  fs after the intensity maximum of the pump pulse, followed by directional atomic displacements at the fixed unit cell parameters.

Single-shot spectrometer using diamond microcrystals for X-ray free-electron laser pulses.

A simple spectrometer using diffraction from diamond microcrystals has been developed to diagnose single-shot spectra of X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) pulses. The large grain size and uniform lattice constant of the adopted crystals enable characterizing the XFEL spectrum at a resolution of a few eV from the peak shape of the powder diffraction profile. This single-shot spectrometer has been installed at beamline 3 of SACLA and is used for daily machine tuning.

A morphometric analysis of the osteocyte canaliculus using applied automatic semantic segmentation by machine learning.

Introduction: Osteocytes play a role as mechanosensory cells by sensing flow-induced mechanical stimuli applied on their cell processes. High-resolution imaging of osteocyte processes and the canalicular wall are necessary for the analysis of this mechanosensing mechanism. Focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) enabled the visualization of the structure at the nanometer scale with thousands of serial-section SEM images.

Structural Changes and Mechanical Resistance of Claws and Denticles in Coconut Crabs of Different Sizes.

The exoskeleton of the pinching side of claws with denticles and of the outer side without them on the coconut crab, , which is a rare organism, were studied using a materials science approach. The mechanical resistance of three claws of different sizes was investigated along the exoskeleton thickness from the outer surface to the inner surface, and the results were compared, including the contribution of the microstructure and chemical compositions. Mechanical properties, hardness () and stiffness (), were probed through nanoindentation tests.

Calcium phosphate microcrystals in the renal tubular fluid accelerate chronic kidney disease progression.

The Western pattern diet is rich not only in fat and calories but also in phosphate. The negative effects of excessive fat and calorie intake on health are widely known, but the potential harms of excessive phosphate intake are poorly recognized. Here, we show the mechanism by which dietary phosphate damages the kidney.

Successful treatment of aortic valve endocarditis caused by Enterococcus casseliflavus: a case report.

Background: Enterococcus casseliflavus is rarely isolated from human specimens. To the best of our knowledge, there are no reports on its detailed treatment course and prognosis. Here, we present the first known case of E.

Atomic-Scale Visualization of Ultrafast Bond Breaking in X-Ray-Excited Diamond.

Ultrafast changes of charge density distribution in diamond after irradiation with an intense x-ray pulse (photon energy, 7.8 keV; pulse duration, 6 fs; intensity, 3×10^{19}  W/cm^{2}) have been visualized with the x-ray pump-x-ray probe technique. The measurement reveals that covalent bonds in diamond are broken and the electron distribution around each atom becomes almost isotropic within ∼5  fs after the intensity maximum of the x-ray pump pulse.

Carbon Monoxide Diffusing Capacity Predicts Cardiac Readmission in Patients Undergoing Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation in Japan.

Carbon monoxide diffusion capacity (DLCO) is impaired in heart failure patients; however, its clinical impact has not been well investigated in the left ventricular assist device (LVAD) population. We explored the predictive value of preoperative DLCO in the survival and cardiac readmission rates after LVAD implantation. Seventy-six patients who received continuous-flow LVAD as bridge-to-transplant therapy from November 2007 to September 2018 and underwent pulmonary function test before LVAD implantation were included.

Superconducting Joining Concept for Internal Magnesium Diffusion-Processed Magnesium Diboride Wires.

A superconducting joint of unreacted monofilament internal magnesium diffusion-processed magnesium diboride (MgB) wires was fabricated by exploiting the phenomenon of magnesium diffusion into the boron layer inside the superconducting joint. Unprecedentedly, the joint was able to carry an almost identical transport current compared to the bare wire in a 2-7 T magnetic field at 20 K. The joint also exhibited very low joint resistance of 2.

Two-color X-ray free-electron laser consisting of broadband and narrowband beams.

A simple scheme is proposed and experimentally confirmed to generate X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) consisting of broadband and narrowband beams with a controllable intensity ratio and a large photon-energy separation. This unique two-color XFEL beam will open new opportunities for investigation of nonlinear interactions between intense X-rays and matter.

Self-healing by design: universal kinetic model of strength recovery in self-healing ceramics.

We propose a new theoretical kinetic model of strength recovery by oxidation-induced self-healing of surface cracks in composites containing a healing agent (HA). The kinetics is a key parameter in the design of structural components that can self-heal the damage done in service. Based on three-dimensional (3D) observations of crack-gap filling, two crack-gap filling models, i.

Plan-view characterization of intergranular precipitates on grain boundaries by combination of FIB lift out method and TEM analyses: A case study in austenitic stainless steel.

A new characterization method is proposed to study intergranular precipitates of polycrystalline material in the planar manner. A dual beam focused ion beam (FIB) - scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was applied to fabricate thin FIB lamella with a grain boundary parallel to the lamella to investigate for transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Distributions, microstructures and compositions of intergranular precipitates of austenitic stainless steel were then examined by TEM, scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS).

Three-dimensional observation and analysis of remineralization in dentinal caries lesions.

The remineralization mechanism in dental caries lesions is not completely understood. This study reports on ultrastructural and chemical changes observed within arrested caries lesions. Carious human teeth were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and focused-ion-beam (FIB)-SEM.