Possible Markers for Distinguishing benign and Malignant Thyroid Tumors and Predicting Malignancy in Patients with Genetic Predisposition to Cancer.

Background: We hypothesized that mutations in several genes disrupt oxidative metabolism, increasing the risk of developing tumors and their malignancy in patients with a family predisposition to cancer. The purpose of our study was to assess the characteristics of oxidative metabolism in patients with malignant and benign tumor with and without a family history of cancer and identify the marker predicting the likelihood of malignancy.

Methods: We conducted a study on patients with thyroid pathology (thyrotoxicosis, benign tumor pathology of the thyroid gland, and thyroid cancer) who underwent treatment at LLC "Oncology Scientific Research Center" in Tbilisi, Georgia between 2020-2021.

[Blood antioxidant enzyme activity during physiological and preeclampsia syndrome complicated pregnancy].

The aim of the study was determination of the role of oxidative metabolism in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. It is established that in the blood of women during physiological pregnancy, catalase and glutathione reductase (gr) activity does not change significantly, compared with the same parameters in healthy nonpregnant women, superoxiddismutase (SOD) activity slightly increases, which indicates on the intensification of the oxidative processes in late term pregnancy. Intensification of oxidative processes during physiological pregnancy reviles the activation of the regulatory processes in the body directed to the induction placental cells proliferation and differentiation.

The EPR study of nitric oxide in placenta during preeclampsia.

The aim of the study was to establish alteration of nitric oxide (NO) metabolism in placenta and its role in pathogenesis of physiological and complicated with preeclampsia (PE) pregnancy. Fifty women with preeclampsia and 30 control pregnant women were studied. The control group was selected from healthy pregnant women; the preeclamptic group consisted of women who were normotensive before pregnancy and during the first 20 weeks of gestation, and developed hypertension associated with new onset proteinuria.

[Some considerations of immune metabolism at preeclampsia].

The goal of the work is to determine several aspects of abnormalities and a part of immune metabolism in preeclampsia. In peripheral blood serum of all pregnant women at 20th week of gestation relative content of T-lymphocyte subpopulations, active T-lymphocytes and natural killers (NK) were detected by the method of indirect immunofluorescence and in cyto-toxic test using monoclonal antibodies to CD4 and CD84, CD 16 (T-cell markers of HLA-DR antigen of second class of MHC (marker of active T-lymphocytes, "ICN Pharmaceutical", USA). According study results it can be concluded that at preeclampsia a content of NK cells in peripheral blood of pregnant women increases in the end of the second and early in the third trimesters on the background of significant decrease of general CD4 lymphocyte subpopulation.

[Predictive value of some parameters of immune balance in preeclampsia].

The goal of our research was to reveal correlation between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in preeclamptic women. The research was conducted on pregnant women with physiologic pregnancy and with preeclampsia. Parameters of immune system - pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-2; TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) were measured in venous blood by ELISA.

[Estrogens and pharmacological modulation of estrogen receptors].

Estrogens belong to more or less frequently prescribed preparations. Main fields of application of these preparations (as in monotherapy as well as in combination) are contraception and hormone replacement therapy during menopause. More uncommon indications of estrogens are growth inhibition and hypogonadism (in this case they are prescribed along with gonadotropic hormones).