Rivaroxaban: a novel oral anticoagulant for the prevention and treatment of several thrombosis-mediated conditions.

The development of rivaroxaban (XARELTO®) is an important new medical advance in the field of oral anticoagulation. Thrombosis-mediated conditions constitute a major burden for patients, healthcare systems, and society. For more than 60 years, the prevention and treatment of these conditions have been dominated by oral vitamin K antagonists (such as warfarin) and the injectable heparins.

Rivaroxaban for the prevention of venous thromboembolism after hip or knee arthroplasty. Pooled analysis of four studies.

Four phase III studies compared oral rivaroxaban with subcutaneous enoxaparin for the prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) after total hip or knee arthroplasty (THA or TKA). A pooled analysis of these studies compared the effect of rivaroxaban with enoxaparin on symptomatic VTE plus all-cause mortality and bleeding events, and determined whether these effects were consistent in patient subgroups. Patients (N=12,729) aged ≥18 years and scheduled for elective THA or TKA received rivaroxaban 10 mg once daily or enoxaparin 40 mg once daily or 30 mg every 12 hours.

Development and validation of a risk-score model for subjects with impaired glucose tolerance for the assessment of the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus-The STOP-NIDDM risk-score.

Aims: To develop a risk-score model, based on available clinical data to assess absolute risk of type 2 diabetes among people with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT).

Methods: Data from the study to prevent non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (STOP-NIDDM) investigating acarbose treatment in individuals with IGT were used to develop multivariable Cox proportional hazards model for the time to onset of diabetes. The final model equation was externally validated using data from the Finnish Cardiovascular Risk Factor (FINRISK) population.

Metabolic syndrome and its single traits as risk factors for diabetes in people with impaired glucose tolerance: the STOP-NIDDM trial.

The STOP-NIDDM trial was an international, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomised study in people with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). They were treated with an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, acarbose, to prevent diabetes; the overall number needed to treat (NNT) was 11. In a secondary analysis, we considered the impact of single traits and overall metabolic syndrome (MetS) respectively on risk of diabetes and NNT respectively.

Long-term improvement of metabolic control by acarbose in type 2 diabetes patients poorly controlled with maximum sulfonylurea therapy.

Background And Objective: Multiple oral therapies are required long term for the majority of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus to achieve acceptable glycaemic levels; alternatively, insulin therapy has to be initiated. This study investigated the addition of acarbose to maximum doses of sulfonylurea in very poorly controlled type 2 diabetes patients and assessed its effect in delaying further glycaemic deterioration.

Study Design: In this 78-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled European study, patients were randomised to receive acarbose, titrated to a maximum dose of 100mg three times daily, or matching placebo.