Giant Cross Section for Molecular Ion Formation in Ultracold Rydberg Gases.

We have studied the associative ionization of a Rydberg atom and a ground-state atom in an ultracold Rydberg gas. The measured scattering cross section is 3 orders of magnitude larger than the geometrical size of the produced molecule. This giant enhancement of the reaction kinetics is due to an efficient directed mass transport which is accelerated by the Rydberg electron.

Effect of extended-cycle regimen with an oral contraceptive containing 30 mcg ethinylestradiol and 2 mg dienogest on bleeding patterns, safety, acceptance and contraceptive efficacy.

Background: The present study compared the efficacy and safety of a combined oral contraceptive containing 30 mcg ethinylestradiol and 2 mg dienogest (EE/DNG) in conventional and extended-cycle regimen over 1 year of treatment.

Study Design: In a phase III, randomized, prospective, open, two-arm, multicenter study, 1315 sexually active women (range, 18-40 years) were treated with EE/DNG either conventionally (21/7 days) or according to an extended-cycle regimen (84/7 days). Data were documented on volunteer diaries, and adverse events (AEs) were reported during five visits.

Effects of an oral contraceptive containing 30 mcg ethinyl estradiol and 2 mg dienogest on lipid metabolism during 1 year of conventional or extended-cycle use.

Background: The effects of extended regimens of combined oral contraceptives (COC) on lipid parameters are largely unknown. The present study compared the effects of a COC containing 30 mcg ethinyl estradiol and 2 mg dienogest (EE/DNG) in conventional and extended-cycle regimen over 1 year.

Study Design: Lipid parameters were measured in 59 women treated with EE/DNG either conventionally (21+7 days) or in extended-cycle regimen (84+7 days).

Effects of conventional or extended-cycle regimen of an oral contraceptive containing 30 mcg ethinylestradiol and 2 mg dienogest on various hemostasis parameters.

Background: The study was conducted to investigate the effect of a combined oral contraceptive (COC) containing 30 mcg ethinylestradiol and 2 mg dienogest with two different regimens on various hemostasis variables.

Study Design: Hemostatic parameters were measured in 59 women treated with a monophasic COC containing 30 mcg ethinylestradiol and 2 mg dienogest (EE/DNG) either conventionally (13 cycles with 21 days of treatment+7 days without hormones) or with an extended-cycle regimen (4 extended cycles with 84 days of continuous administration of EE/DNG, followed by a hormone-free interval of 7 days). Blood samples were taken on Days 21-26 of the preceding control cycle and on Days 19-21 of the 3rd and 13th conventional cycle or on Days 82-84 of the first and fourth extended cycle.

Effects of an oral contraceptive containing 30 mcg ethinyl estradiol and 2 mg dienogest on thyroid hormones and androgen parameters: conventional vs. extended-cycle use.

Background: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of an oral contraceptive containing 30 mcg ethinyl estradiol and 2 mg dienogest on thyroid hormones and androgen parameters.

Study Design: Thyroid and androgen parameters were measured in 59 women treated with a monophasic combined oral contraceptive containing 30 mcg ethinyl estradiol and 2 mg dienogest (EE/DNG) either conventionally (13 cycles with 21 days of treatment+7 days without hormones) or according to an extended-cycle regimen (four extended cycles with 84 days of continuous administration of EE/DNG, followed by a hormone-free interval of 7 days). Blood samples were taken on Days 21-26 of the preceding control cycle and on Days 19-21 of the 3rd and 13th conventional cycle, or on Days 82-84 of the first and fourth extended cycle.