Dose-dependent inactivation of Plasmodium falciparum in red blood cell concentrates by treatment with short-wavelength ultraviolet light.

Background And Objectives: Plasmodium species are naturally transmitted by Anopheles mosquitos. The parasite infects red blood cells (RBCs) and can be transfused with blood products. In non-endemic areas, the main risk of infection arises from travellers coming back and people immigrating from malaria-endemic regions.

West Nile and Usutu viruses are efficiently inactivated in platelet concentrates by UVC light using the THERAFLEX UV-Platelets system.

Background And Objectives: West Nile virus (WNV) and Usutu virus (USUV) are mosquito-borne flaviviruses (Flaviviridae) that originated in Africa, have expanded their geographical range during the last decades and caused documented infections in Europe in the last years. Acute WNV and USUV infections have been detected in asymptomatic blood donors by nucleic acid testing. Thus, inactivation of both viral pathogens before blood transfusion is necessary to ensure blood product safety.

Growth and Distribution of Bacteria in Contaminated Whole Blood and Derived Blood Components.

Introduction: Bacterial contamination of blood products presumably occurs mainly during blood collection, starting from low initial concentrations of 10-100 colony-forming units (CFUs) per bag. As little is known about bacterial growth behavior and distribution in stored whole blood (WB) and WB-derived blood products, this study aims to provide data on this subject.

Methods: WB units were inoculated with transfusion-relevant bacterial species (; = 12 for each species), stored for 22-24 h at room temperature, and then centrifuged for separation into plasma, red blood cells (RBCs), and buffy coats (BCs).

Hepatitis E virus is effectively inactivated by methylene blue plus light treatment.

Background And Objectives: Photodynamic treatment with methylene blue (MB) and visible light is a well-established pathogen inactivation system for human plasma. This technique is routinely used in different countries. MB/light treatment was shown to inactivate several transfusion-transmittable viruses, but its efficiency for the inactivation of the quasi-enveloped hepatitis E virus (HEV) has not yet been investigated.

New ultraviolet C light-based method for pathogen inactivation of red blood cell units.

Background: Pathogen inactivation (PI) technologies for platelet concentrates and plasma are steadily becoming more established, but new PI treatment options for red blood cells (RBCs), the most commonly used blood component, still need to be developed. We present a novel approach to inactivating pathogens in RBC units employing ultraviolet C (UVC) light.

Methods: Whole blood-derived leukoreduced RBCs suspended in PAGGS-C, a third generation additive solution, served as test samples, and RBCs in PAGGS-C or SAG-M as controls.

International Society of Blood Transfusion survey of experiences of blood banks and transfusion services during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background And Objectives: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted blood systems worldwide. Challenges included maintaining blood supplies and initiating the collection and use of COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP). Sharing information on the challenges can help improve blood collection and utilization.

High erythroferrone expression in CD71 erythroid progenitors predicts superior survival in myelodysplastic syndromes.

Ineffective erythropoiesis and iron overload are common in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Erythroferrone (ERFE) and growth/differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) are two regulators of iron homeostasis produced by erythroid progenitors. Elevated systemic levels of ERFE and GDF15 in MDS are associated with dysregulated iron metabolism and iron overload, which is especially pronounced in MDS with SF3B1 gene mutations.

Multicenter Study on Differential Human Neutrophil Antigen 2 Expression and Underlying Molecular Mechanisms.

Background: The human neutrophil antigen 2 (HNA-2), which is expressed on CD177, is undetectable in 3-5% of the normal population. Exposure of these HNA-2 individuals to HNA-2-positive cells can cause immunization and pro-duction of HNA-2 antibodies, which can induce immune neutropenia and transfusion-related acute lung injury. In HNA-2-positive individuals, neutrophils are divided into a CD177 and a CD177 subpopulation.

Eosinophil accumulation predicts response to melanoma treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Eosinophils have been identified as a prognostic marker in immunotherapy of melanoma and suggested to contribute to anti-tumor host defense. However, the influence of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) on the eosinophil population is poorly studied. Here, we applied routine laboratory tests, multicolor flow cytometry, RNA microarray analysis, and bio-plex assay to analyze circulating eosinophils and related serum inflammatory factors in 32 patients treated with pembrolizumab or the combination of nivolumab and ipilimumab.

Time from venipuncture to cell isolation: Impact on granulocyte-reactive antibody testing.

Background And Objectives: Classical neutrophil-reactive antibody testing depends on the quick isolation of neutrophils from freshly taken whole blood. To allow a better logistic preparation before testing, the influence of time interval between venipuncture and cell isolation has been evaluated in this study.

Materials And Methods: Neutrophils and whole leukocytes were isolated from EDTA whole blood immediately (T0) as well as 4, 8 and 24 h after blood donation (T4, T8 and T24).

Accumulation of DNA damage and alteration of the DNA damage response in monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis and chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Accumulation of DNA damage and alteration of the DNA damage response (DDR) are critical features of genetic instability that is presumed to be implicated in the pathogenesis of monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Here, we show increased numbers of γH2AX foci, a marker of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB), in CD19+ cells of CLL patients as compared to CD19+ cells of MBL patients and healthy individuals. Furthermore, numerous γH2AX/53BP1 foci in CLL cells suggest activation of error-prone non-homologous end-joining repair mechanisms.

Expression of combinatorial immunoglobulins in macrophages in the tumor microenvironment.

Recent evidence indicates the presence of macrophage subpopulations that express the TCRαβ in chronic inflammatory diseases such as tuberculosis and atherosclerosis and in the tumor microenvironment. Here, we demonstrate that a second subpopulation of macrophages expresses rearranged heavy and light chain immunoglobulins. We identify immunoglobulin expression in human and murine monocytes, in ex vivo differentiated macrophages and macrophages from the tumor microenvironment of five randomly selected distinct human tumor entities.

Granulocyte antibodies in male blood donors: can they trigger transfusion-related acute lung injury?

Background: White blood cell-associated antibodies can lead to transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI). Female donors with a history of pregnancies have been identified as a main cause for these antibodies. Male or female donors without a history of pregnancy are considered as safe donors.

CCR5 Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Are Enriched and Activated in Melanoma Lesions.

Accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) in melanoma microenvironment is supported by chemokine receptor/chemokine signaling. Although different chemokines were suggested to be involved in this process, the role of CCR5 and its ligands is not established. Using a transgenic mouse melanoma model, we found an accumulation of CCR5 MDSCs in melanoma lesions associated with both increased concentrations of CCR5 ligands and tumor progression.

Ezetimibe inhibits platelet activation and uPAR expression on endothelial cells.

Purpose: Lipid lowering therapy constitutes the basis of cardiovascular disease therapy. The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of ezetimibe, a selective inhibitor of intestinal cholesterol absorption, on platelets and endothelial cells in an in vitro endothelial cell model.

Methods: After a 24h incubation period with ezetimibe (concentrations 1, 50, 100 and 1000ng/ml), human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were stimulated for 1h with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and were then incubated in direct contact with activated platelets.

Mutational hierarchies in myelodysplastic syndromes dynamically adapt and evolve upon therapy response and failure.

Clonal evolution is believed to be a main driver for progression of various types of cancer and implicated in facilitating resistance to drugs. However, the hierarchical organization of malignant clones in the hematopoiesis of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and its impact on response to drug therapy remain poorly understood. Using high-throughput sequencing of patient and xenografted cells, we evaluated the intratumoral heterogeneity (n= 54) and reconstructed mutational trajectories (n = 39) in patients suffering from MDS (n = 52) and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia-1 (n = 2).

cFLIP overexpression in T cells in thymoma-associated myasthenia gravis.

Objective: The capacity of thymomas to generate mature CD4+ effector T cells from immature precursors inside the tumor and export them to the blood is associated with thymoma-associated myasthenia gravis (TAMG). Why TAMG(+) thymomas generate and export more mature CD4+ T cells than MG(-) thymomas is unknown.

Methods: Unfixed thymoma tissue, thymocytes derived thereof, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), T-cell subsets and B cells were analysed using qRT-PCR and western blotting.

Elevated chronic inflammatory factors and myeloid-derived suppressor cells indicate poor prognosis in advanced melanoma patients.

Chronic inflammation is considered to be one of the hallmarks for tumor initiation and progression. Moreover, a long-term production and accumulation of inflammatory factors lead to a local and systemic immunosuppression associated with cancer progression. However, the correlation between inflammatory mediators, immunosuppressive cells and the clinical outcome of malignant melanoma patients was poorly investigated.

Effect on the tensile strength of human acellular dermis (Epiflex®) of in-vitro incubation simulating an open abdomen setting.

Background: The use of human acellular dermis (hAD) to close open abdomen in the treatment process of severe peritonitis might be an alternative to standard care. This paper describes an investigation of the effects of fluids simulating an open abdomen environment on the biomechanical properties of Epiflex® a cell-free human dermis transplant.

Methods: hAD was incubated in Ringers solution, blood, urine, upper gastrointestinal (upper GI) secretion and a peritonitis-like bacterial solution in-vitro for 3 weeks.

Development of Anti-G, Anti-C and Anti-Jk(b) in a 22-Year-Old Mother during Her Fourth Pregnancy.

Background: Anti-G antibodies are rarely found since anti-D, in combination with anti-C, are difficult to discriminate from anti-G antibodies in routine testing.

Case Report: A 22-year-old, gravida-3, para-1, woman with blood group A Rh D neg ccddee and known antibody anti-Jk(b), gave birth to her second child. While anti-Jk(b) could not be detected at birth, a new anti-C was found.

Centrosome aberrations in bone marrow cells from patients with myelodysplastic syndromes correlate with chromosomal instability.

Centrosomes play important roles in the maintenance of genetic stability and centrosomal aberrations are a hallmark of cancer. Deregulation of centriole duplication leads to supernumerary centrosomes, sister chromatid missegregation and could result in chromosomal instability (CIN) and aneuploidy. CIN is a common feature in at least 45% of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS).

Selectin, platelet plays a critical role in granulocyte access to the pregnant mouse uterus under physiological and pathological conditions.

Leukocyte recruitment to the pregnant mouse uterus is associated with highly regulated patterns of expression of vascular adhesion receptors. One striking observation is the localized expression of mucosal vascular addressin cell adhesion molecule (MADCAM1) and selectin, platelet (SELP, formerly P-selectin) by maternal vessels in the vascular zone (VZ) during the first half of pregnancy. From midgestation onwards, endothelial cells lining the maternal vessels of the VZ in addition express vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM1).