[Pharmacological effects of fonturacetam (Actitropil) and prospects for its clinical use].

Phenylpiracetam (PP) is a nootropic drug with additional pharmacological effects, including anxiolytic, antiasthenic, antidepressant, anti-inflammatory and anticonvulsant effects. The paper presents the results of an analysis of experimental and clinical studies, which indicate the prospects for the use of PP in cerebral ischemia, neurodegenerative pathologies, epilepsy, asthenia, and mental disorders. The adaptogenic properties and mitochondrial protective effect of PP are considered, assessments of the possible effect of PP on neurotransmitter systems, regulation of carbohydrate and fat metabolism with the prospects for the use of PP in patients with metabolic syndrome.

Nanoparticles of nucleotide-free analogue of vitamin B formed in protein nanocarriers and their neuroprotective activity in vivo.

Recently, we have described the first supermolecular nanoentities of vitamin B derivative, viz. monocyano form of heptabutyl cobyrinate, unique nanoparticles with strong noncovalent intermolecular interactions, emerging optical and catalytic properties. Their nearest analogue, heptamethyl cobyrinate (ACCby), exhibits bioactivity.

[Molecular mechanisms of the effect of standardized placental hydrolysate peptides on mitochondria functioning].

Background: Human placenta hydrolysates (HPH), the study of which was initiated by the scientific school of Vladimir P. Filatov, are currently being investigated using modern proteomic technologies. HPH is a promising tool for maintaining the function of mitochondria and regenerating tissues and organs with a high content of mitochondria (liver, heart muscle, skeletal muscles, etc.

[Study of antitumor effects of human placenta hydrolysate on PC-3, OAW-42, BT-474 cell cultures].

Aim: To investigate the antitumor effects of human placenta hydrolysate (HPH) peptides on three hormone-dependent human cell lines: prostate adenocarcinoma, breast carcinoma, and ovarian cancer by metabolic analysis of cell cultures.

Materials And Methods: The effect of HPH on tumor and control tumor cell lines was evaluated. Study stages: (A) peptide sequencing by collision-induced dissociation mass spectrometry; (B) detection of peptides with anti-tumor properties; (C) expert analysis of the obtained lists of peptides.

[Prevention and treatment of COVID-19 based on post-genomic pharmacological analysis: Systematic computer analysis of 290,000 scientific articles on COVID-19].

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted pressing challenges in biomedical research methodology. It has become obvious that the rapid and effective development of treatments for "new" viral infections is impossible without the coordination of interdisciplinary research and in-depth analysis of data obtained within the framework of the post-genomic paradigm. Presents the results of a systematic computer analysis of 290,000 scientific articles on COVID-19, with an emphasis on the results of post-genomic studies of SARS-CoV-2.

[Systematic analysis of the results of fundamental and clinical studies of ethifoxin].

The main pharmacological use of etifoxine is the treatment of psychosomatic manifestations of anxiety. The purpose of this work is a systematic analysis of fundamental and clinical studies of etifoxine. In addition to the anxiolytic effect, which partially persists even after discontinuation of therapy, etifoxine is characterized by analgesic, neurotrophic and neuroprotective properties.

[Points of undenatured type II collagen application in musculoskeletal pain syndromes treatment].

The dominant collagen of the cartilaginous matrix in adults is type II collagen. The amount of type II collagen in the intercellular matrix of cartilage is significantly reduced against the background of musculoskeletal system diseases. The basis of articular cartilage is hyaline cartilage tissue consisting of chondrocytes with tissue-specific antigens that induce the production of antibodies in patients with osteoarthritis (OA).

[A systematic analysis of neurobiological roles of lithium].

Lithium salts have been the mainstay of treatment for bipolar disorder for more than 50 years, since the FDA approved the treatment in 1970. Molecular mechanisms of lithium's action include inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta and inositol monophosphatase, resulting in induction of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, antiapoptotic proteins, deprivation of calcium-induced apoptosis. Recent findings suggest autophagy regulation as a possible mechanism of lithium neuroprotective action.

[Human placenta hydrolysates: from V.P. Filatov to the present day: Review].

Works of V.P. Filatov and his school laid the foundation for the study and clinical use of human placenta hydrolysates (HPH).

Lithium Ascorbate as a Promising Neuroprotector: Fundamental and Experimental Studies of an Organic Lithium Salt.

Given the observable toxicity of lithium carbonate, neuropharmacology requires effective and non-toxic lithium salts. In particular, these salts can be employed as neuroprotective agents since lithium ions demonstrate neuroprotective properties through inhibition of glycogen synthetase kinase-3β and other target proteins, increasing concentrations of endogenous neurotrofic factors. The results of theoretical and experimental studies of organic lithium salts presented here indicate their potential as neuroprotectors.

[Comparative chemoreactome analysis of the synergism of vinpocetine, piracetam, and cinnarizine molecules].

Objective: Neuroprotective and nootropic drugs often exhibit complementary, «synergistic» effects, the consideration of which is important for choosing the most effective and safe drug combinations.

Material And Methods: Chemoinformatic analysis of vinpocetine, piracetam and cinnarizine on neuron cultures, on model organisms (mice, rats) based on modern data mining and machine learning methods.

Results: The paper presents the results of the chemoreactom analysis of vinpocetine, piracetam, and cinnarizine.

Direct and Indirect Neurological Signs of COVID-19.

To systematize the neurological manifestations of COVID-19. A systematic computerized analysis of all currently available publications on the neurological manifestations of COVID-19 was undertaken (2374 reports in PubMed) by topological data analysis. A set of interactions between infection with SARS-CoV-2, metabolic impairments affecting neurotransmitters (acetylcholine, dopamine, serotonin, and GABA), enkephalins, and neurotrophins, micronutrients, chronic and acute inflammation, encephalopathy, cerebral ischemia, and neurodegeneration (including demyelination) was described.

[Roles of active forms of vitamin D in supporting innate immune systems and in reducing excess inflammation in COVID-19].

A reduced supply of micronutrient vitamin D leads to a more severe course of coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Vitamin D deficiency is combined with a decrease in innate antiviral immunity and excess of inflammation. Vitamin D supplementation stimulates the synthesis of antibacterial peptides and is important for weakening the cytokine storm, reducing excessive acute and chronic inflammation, and also for compensating for chronic comorbid pathologies.

[Molecular and clinical aspects of the effect of cytidyndiphosphocholine on cognitive functions].

Objective: Systematization of the array of publications on cytidyldiphosphocholine (CDP-choline).

Material And Methods: Systematic computer analysis of all currently available publications on CDP-choline (1750 publications in PUBMED) using the topological theory of big data analysis.

Results: CDP-choline is essential for acetylcholine biosynthesis, phospholipid metabolism, and DNA methylation.

[Direct and indirect neurological manifestations of COVID-19].

Objective: To systemize the neurological manifestations of COVID-19.

Materials And Methods: A systematic computer analysis of all currently available publications on the neurological manifestations of COVID-19 (2374 publications in PUBMED) using algorithms of topological data analysis was performed.

Results: A complex of interactions between SARS-CoV-2 infection, metabolic disorders of neurotransmitters (acetylcholine, dopamine, serotonin and GABA), enkephalins and neurotrophins, micronutrients, chronic and acute inflammation, encephalopathy, cerebral ischemia and neurodegeneration, including demyelination, was described.

[Choice of neuroprotective therapy regimens in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia, taking into account the synergy of drug interactions].

Objective: Optimization of the choice of neuroprotective treatment regimens in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia that takes into account the synergy of drug interactions gives the doctor an opportunity for personalized approach that increases the effectiveness of treatment.

Material And Methods: Differential chemoreactomic analysis of the synergism of ethyl methyl hydroxypyridine succinate (EMHPS) and a number of monocomponent neuroprotective agents (piracetam, vinpocetine, citicoline, choline alfoscerate); proteomic analysis of polypeptide neuroprotectors (cerebrolysin, etc.); an expert analysis of multicomponent neuroprotector Cytoflavin.

[Comprehensive study of the composition of fish fat extracts and quantitative criteria for distinguishing standardized omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids extracts].

Background Effects of drugs and biologically active supplements based on omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3 PUFA) considerably depend on the standardized content of eicosatetraenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and other fatty acids in the extracts.Material and methods In this study, we comprehensively examined the composition of 10 ω3 PUFA samples with chromatographic measurement of more than 40 metabolites of fatty acids and other compounds. The data on extract composition were analyzed with current methods of intelligent data analysis (metric condensation method; multidimensional scaling; principal component analysis with axis identification; topology-metrical approach to recognition).

Numeric analysis of reversibility of classic movement equations and constructive criteria of estimating quality of molecular dynamic simulations.

The fundamental criteria of the quality of molecular dynamics (MD) simulation represent a pivotal challenge, especially in the case of MD simulations of large systems (in particular, proteins).This work presents a simple theoretical analysis of time reversibility in classical mechanics that has allowed us to formulate a number of constructive criteria for evaluating the quality of the trajectories, generated in MD simulations. The results of testing the criteria on the structures of eight small proteins are presented.

[The chemoreactomic analysis of the central mechanisms of action of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs].

Aim: To perform a chemoreactome modeling of the pharmacological central effects of 4 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): dexketoprofen, ketoprofen, aceclofenac, lornoxicam.

Material And Methods: An analysis of the pharmacological spectrum of the central action of dexketoprofen, ketoprofen, aceclofenac and lornoxicam was based on the chemoinformatic approach, which compared drug-likeness properties with public and commercial software.

Results: The effectiveness of NSAIDs is related to the inhibition of cannabinoid receptors CB-1, the vanilloid receptor TRPV1, NMDA and AMPA receptors and of the GABA reuptake transporter, with dexketoprofen being the most effective inhibitor.

[Cerebrolysin peptides as mood stabilizers].

Aim: To establish the molecular mechanisms of the mood stabilizing (normothymic) action of the neuroprotector Cerebrolysin.

Material And Methods: Mass-spectrometric analysis of the peptide composition of cerebrolysin followed by a complex bioinformatics analysis was utilized.

Results: Cerebrolysin contains considerable amounts of Leu- and Met-enkephalins, partial analogues of enkephalins, peptide fragments of beta-lipotropin.

[Comparative studies of neurotrophic drugs based on brain hydrolysates].

The results of the analysis of comparative studies of neurotrophic drugs based on brain hydrolysates (BH) are presented. The most comprehensive comparative study of the BH drugs carried out by Zhang, et al. 2019 investigated the effects of four drugs (cognistar, cerebrolysate, cortexin, cerebrolysin) on a model of ischemic stroke in rats.

Infectious vaccine-derived rubella viruses emerge, persist, and evolve in cutaneous granulomas of children with primary immunodeficiencies.

Rubella viruses (RV) have been found in an association with granulomas in children with primary immune deficiencies (PID). Here, we report the recovery and characterization of infectious immunodeficiency-related vaccine-derived rubella viruses (iVDRV) from diagnostic skin biopsies of four patients. Sequence evolution within PID hosts was studied by comparison of the complete genomic sequences of the iVDRVs with the genome of the vaccine virus RA27/3.

[An analysis of the peptide composition of a 'light' peptide fraction of cerebrolysin].

Aim: To analyze the peptide composition of a light peptide fraction of cerebrolysin.

Material And Methods: Mass spectrometry (MS) with orbital ion traps and modern de novo MS-sequencing algorithms was performed.

Results: The amino acid sequences of 14 635 peptides corresponding to the 1643 porcine proteome neuronal proteins are identified.

[Systematic Analysis of the Roles of Trace Elements in the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure].

Systematic analysis of 3 728 publications on the relationship between microelement status and chronic heart failure (CHF) was carried out. Three main areas of research have been identified: 1) magnesium, electrolytes and CHF; 2) the transcriptional and antioxidant effects of zinc, selenium, copper; 3) iron-deficiency anemia and CHF. In this paper, we consider a complex of relationships between the magnesium insufficiency and CHF, the effect of magnesium on vascular tone, mitochondria, heart rhythm and the susceptibility of cardiomyocytes to adrenergic stimulation.