Direct, indirect and total effects of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccination on invasive pneumococcal disease in children in Navarra, Spain, 2001 to 2014: cohort and case-control study.

We estimated the direct, indirect and total effects of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) on invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in children. A population-based cohort study followed children aged between 2.5 and 59 months between 2001 and 2014 in Navarra, Spain.

Reduced incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease after introduction of the 13-valent conjugate vaccine in Navarre, Spain, 2001-2013.

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) were licensed for use in children and became available for private purchase in Spain in 2001 (PCV7), 2009 (PCV10) and 2010 (PCV13). This study evaluates changes in the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and the pattern of serotypes isolated in Navarre, Spain, between the period of use of PCV7 (2004-2009) and that of PCV13 (2010-2013). The percentage of children <2 years who received at least one dose of PCV in these periods ranged from 25 to 61% and 61 to 78%, respectively.

Comparison of three statistical methods for establishing tentative wild-type population and epidemiological cutoff values for echinocandins, amphotericin B, flucytosine, and six Candida species as determined by the colorimetric Sensititre YeastOne method.

The Sensititre YeastOne (SYO) method is a widely used method to determine the susceptibility of Candida spp. to antifungal agents. CLSI clinical breakpoints (CBP) have been reported for antifungals, but not using this method.

[Changes in the epidemiology of fungaemia and fluconazole susceptibility of blood isolates during the last 10 years in Spain: results from the FUNGEMYCA study].

Background: Recent epidemiological surveillance studies have reported an increase in fungaemia caused by non-Candida albicans species, as well as a decrease in fluconazole susceptibility.

Objectives: To evaluate changes in the epidemiology of fungaemia in Spain comparing data from a new surveillance epidemiological study conducted in 2009 with a previous study carried out from 1997 to 1999 (Pemán J, et al. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis.

Susceptibility to tigecycline of isolates from samples collected in hospitalized patients with secondary peritonitis undergoing surgery.

Activity of tigecycline against nosocomial secondary peritonitis isolates collected along 18 months in 29 Spanish hospitals was tested by Etest in a central laboratory, considering Food and Drug Administration (FDA)/British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (BSAC)/European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) breakpoints. A total of 600 facultative/aerobic isolates (392 Gram negative, 208 Gram positive) and 100 anaerobes were tested. None of the 220 Escherichia coli isolates was resistant to tigecycline (MIC(50)/MIC(90) = 0.

Multicenter study evaluating the role of enterococci in secondary bacterial peritonitis.

A 1-year prospective multicenter study was performed to explore the significance of the presence of enterococci in cultures of peritoneal fluid from patients with secondary bacterial peritonitis in seven Spanish hospitals. The clinical records of patients with positive peritoneal fluid cultures were reviewed and distributed into cases (patients with cultures yielding enterococci) and controls (patients with cultures not yielding enterococci). Of a total of 158 records, 38 (24.

Infections due to Phialemonium species: case report and review.

Abstract Infections caused by rarely encountered fungal pathogens have increased in recent decades. The present study describes a disseminated infection caused by Phialemonium curvatum, and reviews the literature in an effort to summarize prior experiences with this unusual pathogen. The clinical and microbiological characteristics of a new case due to Phialemonium are presented.

[M. tuberculosis complex drug resistance in Navarre: differences between the local and immigrant populations].

Background: Tuberculosis is an important public health problem, whose epidemiology in our country has changed in recent years due to the increase in the immigrant population. The aim of this article is to evaluate the frequency of resistance to the four principal antitubercular drugs in both the local and immigrant populations.

Methods: A study was made of the antibiograms of 457 isolations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis carried out in the Hospital of Navarre in 2000-2007.

Changing epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease following increased coverage with the heptavalent conjugate vaccine in Navarre, Spain.

The present study evaluated changes in the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and the pattern of serotypes isolated in Navarre, Spain, after the introduction and increased coverage of the heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7). All cases with isolation of pneumococcus from normally sterile bodily fluids were included. The incidence of IPD in children and adults was compared for the periods 2001-2002 and 2006-2007.

B:2a:p1.5 meningococcal strains likely arisen from capsular switching event still spreading in Spain.

Eighteen clustered cases of meningococcal disease associated with B:2a:P1.5 strains doubled the annual incidence up to 4.3 x 10(5) in Navarra, Spain, in 2007.

Surveillance of listeriosis in Navarre, Spain, 1995-2005--epidemiological patterns and characterisation of clinical and food isolates.

We monitored the incidence of human listeriosis in Navarre, a region in north of Spain between 1995 and 2005, and carried out the characterisation of Listeria monocytogenes isolates obtained from clinical samples and ready-to-eat products (sliced cooked meat, smoked salmon and liver pate). The active surveillance requesting hospitals to notify all listeriosis cases (n=40) yielded higher incidence rates (average annual rate 0.65/100,000 inhabitants, range 0.

[In vitro activity of ertapenem against clinical bacterial isolates in 69 Spanish medical centers (E-test study)].

This study was conducted to assess the in vitro activity of ertapenem against clinical bacterial isolates from patients with community-acquired intra-abdominal and lower tract respiratory infections in Spain in 2003. As the study was conducted before the marketing of ertapenem, it was also useful to define a baseline susceptibility pattern for ertapenem in each of the participating hospitals for later surveillance studies. Each partipating site identified a variable number of aerobic and facultative bacteria isolated from patients with community-acquired intra-abdominal infection or pneumonia using standard procedures.

[Microbiology of tuberculosis].

For a century, the diagnosis of tuberculosis, based on bacilloscopy and the isolation and identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in cultures, has been slow and not very sensitive. This has made it necessary on occasions to initiate treatment with tuberculostatics in an empirical way. The routine incorporation of liquid mediums and molecular genetic techniques in the final decade of the XX century brought an important advance by clearly increasing the sensitivity, precision and rapidity of diagnosis.

A large Legionnaires' disease outbreak in Pamplona, Spain: early detection, rapid control and no case fatality.

An outbreak of Legionnaire's disease was detected in Pamplona, Spain, on 1 June 2006. Patients with pneumonia were tested to detect Legionella pneumophila antigen in urine (Binax Now; Binax Inc., Scarborough, ME, USA), and all 146 confirmed cases were interviewed.

[Invasive pneumococcal disease in children younger than 5 years in Navarra, Spain (2000-2005). Impact of the conjugate vaccine].

Background And Objective: The 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) has been commercialized in Spain since June 2001. We aim to evaluate the impact of this vaccine in the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in Navarre.

Population And Method: The laboratories of microbiology of Navarre declare all the isolations of Streptococcus pneumoniae in samples of normally sterile corporal fluids.

Effectiveness of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine: a population-based case-control study.

Background: The 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) has shown high efficacy in preventing invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) caused by vaccine serotypes. We aimed to assess the overall effectiveness of PCV7 against IPD in Navarra, Spain.

Methods: All children aged <5 years who were diagnosed with IPD during the period 2001-2005 (n=85) and 5 control subjects per case patient (n=425), individually matched by birth date and birth hospital, were analyzed.

[Evolution of the epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis in Navarra (1994-2003)].

Aim: To describe the changes in the incidence and the epidemiological profile of tuberculosis in Navarra.

Methods: The cases of tuberculosis in the 1994-2003 period were analysed. Cases reported to the system of obligatory notifiable diseases, completed with the microbiological diagnoses and the cases collected in other health registers.

[Antibiotic sensitivity and treatment recommendations for Streptococcus pneumoniae].

The aims of present paper were to determine the susceptibility of the strains to the most usual antibiotics in clinical practice and to review the current recommendations to guide the most appropriate treatment. During the period october 2000 to september 2002, the patient's data (age and sex), source of the sample, diagnosis and antibiotic susceptibility were collected on Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from microbiology laboratories in the Navarra region (555.829 inhabitants).

Evaluation of the MB/BacT system compared with Middlebrook 7H11 and Lowenstein-Jensen media for detection and recovery of mycobacteria from clinical specimens.

MB/BacT vials (an automated system), Middlebrook 7H11 agar plates with the microcolony method for growth detection, and conventional Lowenstein-Jensen egg-based medium were assessed for their rates of recovery, time to detection and ease in aiding the identification of mycobacterial isolates. Of the 2101 consecutive, non-selected specimens for tuberculosis analysed in the laboratory, 158 (7.5%) yielded growth of 159 mycobacteria on at least one of the three media, comprising 111 Mycobacterium tuberculosis and 48 non-tuberculous mycobacteria.

Outbreak of gastric mucormycosis associated with the use of wooden tongue depressors in critically ill patients.

Objective: To describe a nosocomial outbreak of gastric mucormycosis caused by Rhizopus microsporus var. rhizopodiformis in five adult patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU).

Design: Epidemiological surveillance study.