Ischiofemoral Impingement Syndrome in 2024: Updated Concepts and Imaging Methods.

Ischiofemoral impingement syndrome (IFI) is a source of extra-articular pain caused by narrowing between ischium and femur in native hips. Secondary compression of quadratus femoris muscle leads to edema, tears, and deep gluteal pain. IFI is more frequent in females, with evidence pointing to a combination of hip, spine, and pelvic biomechanics and morphology leading to abnormal osseous relationships.

Intranasal Oxytocin for Obesity.

Background: Accumulating preclinical and preliminary translational evidence shows that the hypothalamic peptide oxytocin reduces food intake, increases energy expenditure, and promotes weight loss. It is currently unknown whether oxytocin administration is effective in treating human obesity.

Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we randomly assigned adults with obesity 1:1 (stratified by sex and obesity class) to receive intranasal oxytocin (24 IU) or placebo four times daily for 8 weeks.

Opportunistic CT for Prediction of Adverse Postoperative Events in Patients with Spinal Metastases.

The purpose of this study was to assess the value of body composition measures obtained from opportunistic abdominal computed tomography (CT) in order to predict hospital length of stay (LOS), 30-day postoperative complications, and reoperations in patients undergoing surgery for spinal metastases. 196 patients underwent CT of the abdomen within three months of surgery for spinal metastases. Automated body composition segmentation and quantifications of the cross-sectional areas (CSA) of abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue and abdominal skeletal muscle was performed.

What is the effect of lactoferrin on oral and jawbone tissue repair? A systematic review.

Currently, there is growing interest in the potential use of lactoferrin (LTF), a member of the transferrin family, for the improvement of tissue healing. In this sense, a literature search was conducted to integrate data published on the effect of LTF on jawbone repair. PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, LILACS, and Cochrane databases were retrieved according to the PRISMA 2020 statement.

Decreased rotator cuff muscle cross-sectional areas in subjects with adhesive capsulitis: a study comparing male and female subjects.

Objective: To compare rotator cuff (RC) muscle cross-sectional areas (CSA) in subjects with adhesive capsulitis (AC) to age- and sex-matched controls.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 97 shoulder MRIs or MR arthrography studies, of which 42 were clinically diagnosed with AC (27 female, 15 male) and 55 were age- and sex-matched controls (38 female, 17 male). All AC subjects underwent imaging ≥ 6 months after symptom onset.

Visceral Adiposity Index as a Measure of Cardiovascular Disease in Persons With Human Immunodeficiency Virus.

Background: Persons with well-treated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) demonstrate a 2-fold higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), which may be related to excess visceral adipose tissue (VAT). The visceral adiposity index (VAI) is a score to approximate VAT by combining biochemical measures with anthropometrics without quantification by imaging. We evaluated VAI in association with cardiometabolic factors among persons with HIV (PWH).

Posterior capsule edema in adhesive capsulitis: comparison with established non-contrast MRI findings and multivariable analysis.

Objectives: To evaluate posterior glenohumeral capsule edema compared to other MRI findings in adhesive capsulitis (AC).

Methods: This study was approved by the local Institutional Review Board and it is HIPAA compliant. A retrospective search identified subjects who received fluoroscopically guided intra-articular corticosteroid injections for AC and had an MRI within 6 months prior to injection.

Cross-sectional areas of rotator cuff muscles in males without tears on shoulder MRI.

Objective: To establish reference values of rotator cuff (RC) cross sectional area (CSA) in males.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed shoulder MRIs from 500 patients aged 13-78 years, grouped as follows (N=100 in each): <20, 20-30, 30-40, 40-50, >50 years. All examinations were reviewed to exclude prior surgery, tears, or significant RC pathology.

MRI 3D simulation of hip motion in female patients with and without ischiofemoral impingement.

Objective: To utilize hip MRI 3D models for demonstration of location and frequency of impingement during simulated range-of-motion in ischiofemoral impingement (IFI) compared to non-IFI hips.

Materials And Methods: Sixteen hips (N = 7 IFI, 9 non-IFI) from 8 females were examined with high-resolution MRI. We performed image segmentation and generated 3D bone models and simulated hip range-of-motion and impingement.

Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial to Evaluate Effects of Eplerenone on Myocardial Perfusion and Function Among Persons With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Results From the MIRACLE HIV Study.

Background: Increased renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) activity may contribute to excess cardiovascular disease in people with HIV (PWH). We investigated how RAAS blockade may improve myocardial perfusion, injury, and function among well-treated PWH.

Methods: Forty PWH, on stable ART, without known heart disease were randomized to eplerenone 50 mg PO BID (n = 20) or identical placebo (n = 20) for 12 months.

Original research: utilization of a convolutional neural network for automated detection of lytic spinal lesions on body CTs.

Objective: To develop, train, and test a convolutional neural network (CNN) for detection of spinal lytic lesions in chest, abdomen, and pelvis CT scans.

Materials And Methods: Cases of malignant spinal lytic lesions in CT scans were identified. Images were manually segmented for the following classes: (i) lesion, (ii) normal bone, (iii) background.

Breast adipose tissue attenuation as a novel imaging biomarker for cardiometabolic risk.

Background: Certain adipose tissue depots infer higher cardiometabolic risk than body mass index (BMI).

Purpose: To assess breast adipose tissue (BrAT) attenuation as a novel imaging biomarker for cardiometabolic risk.

Material And Methods: We studied 151 women (mean age = 56 ± 1 years) across the weight spectrum.

Proteomic Analysis of Hepatic Fibrosis in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Demonstrates Up-regulation of Immune Response and Tissue Repair Pathways.

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by a high prevalence of hepatic fibrosis as a strong clinical predictor of all-cause and liver-specific mortality risk.

Methods: We leveraged data from an earlier clinical trial to define the circulating proteomic signature of hepatic fibrosis in HIV-associated NAFLD. A total of 183 plasma proteins within 2 high-multiplex panels were quantified at baseline and at 12 months (Olink Cardiovascular III; Immuno-Oncology).

Volumetric dried blood microsampling for monitoring imatinib mesylate therapy: Method development and clinical application in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia.

Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is a hematologic neoplasia, characterized as a proliferative disease of the hematopoietic system. Imatinib mesylate (IM), a selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is considered a first-line therapy for CML, indicated for both adult and pediatric patients presenting the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph). However, patients in treatment with IM may show different responses due to interindividual pharmacokinetic variability.

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of 8-week intranasal oxytocin administration in adults with obesity: Rationale, study design, and methods.

Background: Obesity affects more than one-third of adults in the U.S., and effective treatment options are urgently needed.

Role of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation and other metabolic variables in relation to arterial inflammation in HIV.

Background: Arterial inflammation remains increased among persons with HIV (PWH) compared with persons without HIV (PWOH) even when controlling for traditional risk factors. We sought to understand whether increased renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) activation may be related to arterial inflammation in PWH and when compared with PWOH.

Design: Twenty PWH and 9 PWOH followed a controlled, standardized low and liberal sodium diet to simulate a RAAS-activated and RAAS-suppressed state, respectively.

Body Composition Predictors of Adverse Postoperative Events in Patients Undergoing Surgery for Long Bone Metastases.

Introduction: Body composition assessed using opportunistic CT has been recently identified as a predictor of outcome in patients with cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the cross-sectional area (CSA) and the attenuation of abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and paraspinous and abdominal muscles are the predictors of length of hospital stay, 30-day postoperative complications, and revision surgery in patients treated for long bone metastases.

Methods: A retrospective database of patients who underwent surgery for long bone metastases from 1999 to 2017 was used to identify 212 patients who underwent preoperative abdominal CT.

Distal Triceps Tendon Tears: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Patterns Using a Systematic Classification.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate distal triceps tendon tear patterns using a systematic classification based on the tendon's layered structure.

Methods: We retrospectively identified Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations with triceps tendon tears that underwent reconstructive surgery. Magnetic resonance images were reviewed independently by 2 musculoskeletal radiologists to determine tendon layer involvement and ancillary findings, including tear size, involvement of triceps lateral expansion, and presence of olecranon bursal fluid.

Body composition predictors of mortality in patients undergoing surgery for long bone metastases.

Background And Objectives: Body composition measurements using computed tomography (CT) may serve as imaging biomarkers of survival in patients with and without cancer. This study assesses whether body composition measurements obtained on abdominal CTs are independently associated with 90-day and 1-year mortality in patients with long-bone metastases undergoing surgery.

Methods: This single institutional retrospective study included 212 patients who had undergone surgery for long-bone metastases and had a CT of the abdomen within 90 days before surgery.

Body composition predictors of mortality on computed tomography in patients with spinal metastases undergoing surgical treatment.

Background Context: Although survival of patients with spinal metastases has improved over the last decades due to advances in multi-modal therapy, there are currently no reliable predictors of mortality. Body composition measurements obtained using computed tomography (CT) have been recently proposed as biomarkers for survival in patients with and without cancer. Patients with cancer routinely undergo CT for staging or surveillance of therapy.

Synthesizing Quantitative T2 Maps in Right Lateral Knee Femoral Condyles from Multicontrast Anatomic Data with a Conditional Generative Adversarial Network.

Purpose: To develop a proof-of-concept convolutional neural network (CNN) to synthesize T2 maps in right lateral femoral condyle articular cartilage from anatomic MR images by using a conditional generative adversarial network (cGAN).

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective study, anatomic images (from turbo spin-echo and double-echo in steady-state scans) of the right knee of 4621 patients included in the 2004-2006 Osteoarthritis Initiative were used as input to a cGAN-based CNN, and a predicted CNN T2 was generated as output. These patients included men and women of all ethnicities, aged 45-79 years, with or at high risk for knee osteoarthritis incidence or progression who were recruited at four separate centers in the United States.

Altered pattern of circulating miRNAs in HIV lipodystrophy perturbs key adipose differentiation and inflammation pathways.

We identified a microRNA (miRNA) profile characterizing HIV lipodystrophy and explored the downstream mechanistic implications with respect to adipocyte biology and the associated clinical phenotype. miRNA profiles were extracted from small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) of HIV-infected individuals with and without lipodystrophic changes and individuals without HIV, among whom we previously showed significant reductions in adipose Dicer expression related to HIV. miR-20a-3p was increased and miR-324-5p and miR-186 were reduced in sEVs from HIV lipodystrophic individuals.