FTR83, a Member of the Large Fish-Specific finTRIM Family, Triggers IFN Pathway and Counters Viral Infection.

Tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins are involved in various cellular functions and constitute key factors of the antiviral innate immune response. TRIM proteins can bind viral particles directly, sending them to degradation by the proteasome, or ubiquitinate signaling molecules leading to upregulation of innate immunity. TRIM proteins are present in across metazoans but are particularly numerous in vertebrates where genes comprising a B30.

Zebrafish ISG15 exerts a strong antiviral activity against RNA and DNA viruses and regulates the interferon response.

ISG15, a 15-kDa interferon-induced protein that participates in antiviral defenses of mammals, is highly conserved among vertebrates. In fish, as in mammals, viral infection and interferon treatment induce isg15 expression. The two ubiquitin-like domains of ISG15 and the presence of a consensus LRLRGG sequence in the C-terminal region, which is required for the covalent conjugation to a substrate protein, are also conserved in fish.

Resistance to a rhabdovirus (VHSV) in rainbow trout: identification of a major QTL related to innate mechanisms.

Health control is a major issue in animal breeding and a better knowledge of the genetic bases of resistance to diseases is needed in farm animals including fish. The detection of quantitative trait loci (QTL) will help uncovering the genetic architecture of important traits and understanding the mechanisms involved in resistance to pathogens. We report here the detection of QTL for resistance to Viral Haemorrhagic Septicaemia Virus (VHSV), a major threat for European aquaculture industry.

Whole-body analysis of a viral infection: vascular endothelium is a primary target of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus in zebrafish larvae.

The progression of viral infections is notoriously difficult to follow in whole organisms. The small, transparent zebrafish larva constitutes a valuable system to study how pathogens spread. We describe here the course of infection of zebrafish early larvae with a heat-adapted variant of the Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHNV), a rhabdovirus that represents an important threat to the salmonid culture industry.

Genome and polypeptides characterization of Tellina virus 1 reveals a fifth genetic cluster in the Birnaviridae family.

We characterized tellina virus 1 (TV-1), a birnavirus isolated from the marine bivalve mollusk Tellina tenuis. Genome sequence analysis established that TV-1 is representative of a viral cluster distant from other birnaviruses. The maturation process of the polyprotein encoded by the genomic segment A was delineated with the identification of the N-termini of the viral protease VP4 and the ribonucleoprotein VP3, and the characterization of peptides deriving from the processing of pVP2, the VP2 capsid protein precursor.

In vitro assay to select rainbow trout with variable resistance/susceptibility to viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus.

The merit of a candidate criterion of resistance to viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) was tested with the view of producing experimental trout progeny with a predictable level of resistance. The criterion, the measure of in vitro viral replication in excised fin tissue (VREFT) was previously developed. Three experiments were performed, using both ordinary and homozygous doubled-haploid breeders.

Putative antiviral activity in hemolymph from adult Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas.

Innate, non-specific resistance mechanisms are important to pathogens, particularly for delaying virus replication at the onset of infection. Innate immunity constitutes the first line of defense in vertebrates and is the only one in invertebrates. Little is known about possible antiviral substances in invertebrates.

Emerging vesiculo-type virus infections of freshwater fishes in Europe.

Rhabdoviruses were isolated from perch Perca fluviatilis and largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides exhibiting clinical signs of disease. Preliminary studies indicated that these viruses could be neutralised by antisera to perch rhabdovirus (Dorson et al. 1984) and may be similar to those previously isolated from grayling Thymallus thymallus and pike-perch Stizostedion stizostedion.

In vitro viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus replication in excised fins of rainbow trout: correlation with resistance to waterborne challenge and genetic variation.

In vitro viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus replication in excised fin tissue (VREFT) was investigated as a possible criterion to predict the resistance of groups or individuals to viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) in rainbow trout. Adipose and rayed fins were compared for VREFT response, and a statistically significant correlation was found. Correlation between VREFT and survival after waterborne viral challenge was estimated on a set of 27 groups of trout, and was highly significant (R = 0.

Selection of rainbow trout resistant to viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus and transmission of resistance by gynogenesis.

In 1984 a programme of selection for resistance to viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) in rainbow trout was initiated. The progenies of 14 males were submitted to a VHSV waterborne challenge. The mortality ranged from 30 to 95% and the heritability of resistance was estimated to be 0.