The effect of posture and exercise on blood CO kinetics during the optimized carbon monoxide rebreathing procedure.

An indispensable precondition for the determination of hemoglobin mass (Hbmass) and blood volume by CO rebreathing is complete mixing of CO in the blood. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the kinetics of CO in capillary and venous blood in different body positions and during moderate exercise. Six young subjects (4 male, 2 female) performed three 2-min CO rebreathing tests in seated (SEA) & supine (SUP) positions as well as during moderate exercise (EX) on a bicycle ergometer.

Effect of Exercise-Induced Reductions in Blood Volume on Cardiac Output and Oxygen Transport Capacity.

We wanted to demonstrate the relationship between blood volume, cardiac size, cardiac output and maximum oxygen uptake ( O) and to quantify blood volume shifts during exercise and their impact on oxygen transport. Twenty-four healthy, non-smoking, heterogeneously trained male participants (27 ± 4.6 years) performed incremental cycle ergometer tests to determine O and changes in blood volume and cardiac output.

Chronic Exposure to Low-Dose Carbon Monoxide Alters Hemoglobin Mass and V˙O2max.

Unlabelled: By blocking the oxygen binding sites on the hemoglobin molecule, chronic low-dose carbon monoxide (CO) administration may produce similar effects to those of exposure to altitude.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effect of chronic low-dose CO application on hemoglobin mass (Hbmass) and V˙O2max.

Methods: For 3 wk, 11 healthy and moderately trained male subjects inhaled a CO bolus five times per day to increase their HbCO concentration by ~5%.

Effects of 3 Weeks of Oral Low-Dose Cobalt on Hemoglobin Mass and Aerobic Performance.

Cobalt ions (Co) stabilize HIFα and increase endogenous erythropoietin (EPO) production creating the possibility that Co supplements (CoSupp) may be used as performance enhancing substances. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a small oral dosage of CoSupp on hemoglobin mass (Hbmass) and performance with the objective of providing the basis for establishing upper threshold limits of urine [Co] to detect CoSupp misuse in sport. Twenty-four male subjects participated in a double-blind placebo-controlled study.

Erythropoietic effects of low-dose cobalt application.

Cobaltous ions (Co ) stabilize HIFα, increase endogenous erythropoietin (EPO) production, and may, therefore, be used as a performance-enhancing substance. To date, the dosage necessary to stimulate erythropoiesis is unknown. The aim of this study was, therefore, to determine the minimum dosage necessary to increase erythropoietic processes.